从煤电价格联动机制看电力布场化改革

发布时间：2017-12-31 05:37

本文关键词：从煤电价格联动机制看电力布场化改革　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长久以来,煤炭工业改革一直超前于电力工业改革。在参差的改革历程中,由于定价机制不同,煤价与电价龃龉不断。而现阶段,在电煤价格完全放开、电力体制改革举步维艰的背景下,政府、煤企、电企为了企业生存和行业发展做出了巨大的努力和多元化的尝试。无论是“煤电联动”还是“煤电联营”,都有其合理性,取得了一定的效果；同时凸显有局限性,无法从根源上解决市场问题。对此,本文试图寻求与思考在新时期行之有效的解决方案。首先,本文查阅和搜集了国内外关于煤价、电价以及二者市场化矛盾,特别是国内比较突出的“煤荒”、“电荒”相关问题的数据资料和分析论证,并通过文献综述从前人的智慧结晶中获取启发。其次,在国内外文献综述之后,本文分别对煤价市场和电价政策作逐一介绍：从煤炭市场的供给、需求角度分析煤炭价格；从现行政策和体制改革的角度分析电能价格,并逐渐引出对二者矛盾由来、矛盾程度的论述,进而为“煤电价格联动机制”诞生的必然性提供理论依据。再次,本文采用了笔者所在单位的实例对应运而生的“煤电联动机制”的内容、计算方法进行剖析,并使用SPSS软件就煤价、煤电联动对发电企业经营的影响予以分析确认。结果表明,发电企业的度电成本与煤价具有高度的相关性,且企业利润对煤价的浮动高度敏感。这说明煤电联动机制对电价的调整的确是能起到缓冲发电企业成本冲击作用的。同时,本文认识到,在煤电价格联动机制功效的背后,存在着相当明显的局限性。笔者发现自2005年“煤电联动机制”实施以来,电价调整的频率与幅度均大大滞后于煤炭价格的变化,导致了电力企业生产经营的极度不稳定。笔者据此并联系国内外经验对“煤电联动机制”存在的问题和完善方法进行思考,提出了细化电价结构,附加燃料成本调整电价的方案。最后,本文强调这样的完善方案并不是短期可以奏效的。因此,在微观上,发电企业仍需要通过自身改造以在困境中求生存。本文通过对笔者所在单位以技术改造、加强自身建设为手段进行效益提升的案例进行了简要分析,并认为这种运营理念对发电企业具有其普适性。在宏观上,发电集团基于提高原料自给率的考虑,进行了新一轮煤电产业的战略耦合,即“煤电联营”。本文对该战略的优劣进行了简要的分析,但结果发现同样治标不治本,无法实现电力行业的市场最优配置。最终,本文试图通过以上各种政策的总结权衡提出推动电力市场化改革、彻底解决煤电矛盾的方案——如完善电力行业法律、构建妥善的电力规划机制,特别是破除电网公司垄断、实现电力生产各环节的竞争性改造。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the coal industry reform has been ahead of the electric power industry reform. In the uneven reform process, because of the different pricing mechanism, the coal price and the electricity price discord constantly. But at the present stage, the coal price is completely liberalized. Under the background of the difficult reform of electric power system, the government, coal enterprises and electric power enterprises have made great efforts and diversified attempts for the survival of enterprises and the development of the industry, whether it is "coal and electricity linkage" or "coal and power joint operation". All have their rationality, have achieved certain effect; At the same time, there are some limitations, can not solve the market problems from the root. For this, this paper tries to seek and reflect on effective solutions in the new period. First, this paper consulted and collected the domestic and foreign coal prices. Electricity price and their market-oriented contradictions, especially the domestic relatively prominent "coal shortage", "electricity shortage" related issues of data data and analysis and demonstration, and through literature review of the former people's wisdom crystallization to obtain inspiration. Secondly. After literature review at home and abroad, this paper introduces the coal price market and electricity price policy one by one: analyze the coal price from the coal market supply and demand point of view; From the point of view of current policy and system reform, this paper analyzes the electricity price, and gradually leads to the discussion of the origin and degree of contradiction between the two, and then provides the theoretical basis for the birth of the "coal and electricity price linkage mechanism". This paper uses the example of the author's unit to analyze the content and calculation method of "coal and electricity linkage mechanism", and uses SPSS software to analyze the coal price. The impact of coal-electricity linkage on the operation of power generation enterprises is analyzed and confirmed. The results show that the cost of power generation has a high correlation with the coal price. And the enterprise profit is highly sensitive to the fluctuation of coal price, which shows that the coal-electricity linkage mechanism can really play a role in cushioning the cost impact of power generation enterprises. At the same time, this paper realizes that the coal and electricity linkage mechanism can adjust the electricity price. There are quite obvious limitations behind the effectiveness of coal-electricity price linkage mechanism. The author found that since 2005 "coal-electricity linkage mechanism" has been implemented. The frequency and amplitude of electricity price adjustment lag behind the change of coal price. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience, the author thinks about the existing problems and perfect methods of "coal and electricity linkage mechanism", and puts forward the detailed structure of electricity price. Finally, this paper emphasizes that such a perfect scheme is not effective in the short term. Therefore, at the micro level. Power generation enterprises still need to survive in a difficult situation through their own transformation. This paper briefly analyzes the case of the improvement of efficiency by means of technical transformation and strengthening of self-construction in the author's unit. It is considered that this kind of operation concept has its universality for power generation enterprises. On the macro level, the power generation group has carried out a new round of strategic coupling of coal and electricity industry based on the consideration of improving the self-sufficiency rate of raw materials. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the strategy are briefly analyzed, but the results show that the same palliative treatment does not cure the root cause, can not achieve the power industry market optimal allocation. Finally. This paper tries to put forward a plan to promote the reform of electricity marketization and solve the contradiction of coal and electricity thoroughly through summing up and weighing the above policies-such as perfecting the law of power industry and constructing the proper power planning mechanism. In particular, to break the monopoly of power grid companies, to achieve the competitive transformation of the various aspects of electricity production.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.61;F726

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