环境规制对我国制造业国际竞争力影响的实证分析

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:41

本文选题：环境规制　切入点：波特假说　出处：《南京财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济的高速发展,以过度开发和消耗资源为特征的传统经济发展模式不但导致资源日益短缺,而且使我们的生存环境日益恶化。环境问题越来越受到全球的关注,环保意识的高涨使得世界各国纷纷建立自己的环境标准。我国作为一个人口大国,在经济高速增长的同时,环境污染已经十分严重,受到全世界的广泛关注。我国目前二氧化硫和二氧化碳排放量均占世界前两位,政府也逐渐意识到环境问题的严重性,不断提高环境规制的水平。自改革开放以来,我国制造业进出口规模不断扩大,制造业出口额已占世界第二位,但是我国制造业一直走的是高投入、高消耗的道路,出口结构不合理,劳动密集型产业和高能耗行业占主导,环境规制的加强对于我国制造业无疑是一个巨大的挑战。在此背景下,研究环境规制对于我国制造业国际竞争力的影响以及会产生何种影响,探索是否可以做到两者兼顾的发展道路,不仅有必要,而且是十分有意义的。本文就环境规制对我国制造业国际竞争力的影响进行了理论分析和实证分析。在理论分析部分,文章阐述了当前学术界关于环境规制对产业国际影响的两种对立观点,并进行了比较分析。最后发现“波特假说”更加符合我国制造业的现实情况。在实证分析部分,文章基于HOV模型,利用综合指标体系的方法测算我国环境规制强度,对我国2003-2010年26个制造业的面板数据进行总体回归和分位数回归。所得结论表明：我国环境规制与制造业国际竞争力呈正相关关系,而环境规制的二次项与制造业国际竞争力呈负相关关系,这表明环境规制对产业国际竞争力的影响呈倒“U”型,而当前我国环境规制水平处于倒“U”型拐点的左边,适当提高环境规制有利于我国制造业国际竞争力,验证了目前我国制造业确实存在“波特效应”。而同时我国物质资本与国际竞争力呈负相关关系,与技术创新和人力资本呈正相关关系。这要求我国在保持劳动力要素这一比较优势上,加大高新技术产业的投资力度,大力发展资本密集型行业,加快我国制造行业的产业升级,提高我国制造业的国际竞争力。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the traditional mode of economic development characterized by over-exploitation and consumption of resources not only leads to the increasing shortage of resources, but also makes our living environment deteriorate day by day.More and more attention has been paid to environmental problems, and the rising awareness of environmental protection has led to the establishment of environmental standards around the world.As a large country with large population, the environment pollution in China has been very serious while the economy is growing at a high speed, which has been paid more and more attention to all over the world.At present, both sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions are among the top two in the world, and the government is gradually aware of the seriousness of environmental problems and constantly improving the level of environmental regulation.Since the reform and opening up, the scale of China's manufacturing industry has been expanding, and the export of manufacturing industry has occupied the second place in the world. However, China's manufacturing industry has been following the road of high input and high consumption, and its export structure is unreasonable.Labor-intensive industries and high energy consumption industries dominate, and the strengthening of environmental regulation is undoubtedly a great challenge to China's manufacturing industry.In this context, it is not only necessary but also meaningful to study the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry and to explore whether we can do both.This paper makes a theoretical and empirical analysis on the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.In the part of theoretical analysis, this paper expounds two opposing views on the impact of environmental regulation on the international industry in academic circles, and makes a comparative analysis.Finally, it is found that the Porter hypothesis is more in line with the reality of China's manufacturing industry.In the part of empirical analysis, based on the HOV model, the paper calculates the intensity of environmental regulation in China by using the method of comprehensive index system, and carries on the overall regression and quantile regression to the panel data of 26 manufacturing industries in China from 2003 to 2010.The conclusion shows that the environmental regulation has a positive correlation with the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, while the quadratic term of the environmental regulation has a negative correlation with the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.This indicates that the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of industry is inverted "U", while the current level of environmental regulation in China is on the left of the inverted "U" inflection point, and the proper improvement of environmental regulation is beneficial to the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.It is verified that there is "Porter effect" in China's manufacturing industry at present.At the same time, there is a negative correlation between material capital and international competitiveness, and a positive correlation with technological innovation and human capital.This requires our country to increase the investment of high-tech industries, develop capital-intensive industries, speed up the upgrading of manufacturing industries, and improve the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry in keeping the comparative advantage of labor factors.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321;F424

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