煤炭开采的生态环境成本补偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 18:51

本文选题：煤炭开采 + 环境成本　；参考：《西安科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境与能源为国民经济的发展提供了重要的物质基础,如果资源利用不当也会制约经济社会的发展。“富煤、少油、短气”是我们国家的资源特点,长期导致我国能源消费以煤炭为主,造成能源消费结构不合理。随着人口数量的不断增加以及工业化的发展,我国对于煤炭的需求量不断提高导致煤炭大规模开采,不仅会导致煤炭资源的减少甚至枯竭,还会对煤炭矿区本就脆弱的生态环境造成严重的环境污染和生态破坏。因此针对煤炭矿区开采带来的环境负面影响,进行煤炭开采生态环境成本补偿问题研究就是建立健全煤炭资源开采生态环境成本补偿机制,恢复或重建受损的生态环境系统,并寻找一种能够以较低的社会资源和代价来获取较高的环境效益和较快的经济发展的方法,对建设经济效益、环境效益和社会效益相统一的新型生态矿区具有重要意义。在相关文献研究的基础上,提出了煤炭开采生态补偿的内含和特点,并总结了生态环境补偿的理论基础。从煤炭资源开采生态补偿现状出发,对我国现阶段环境成本补偿运行机制进行了分析,其存在的主要问题:补偿内容界定不清楚,各项法律不完善;政府在生态补偿中的职能定位不清晰;关于补偿项目立项审批不合理。在生态补偿原则的指导下,对政府、市场以及其他相关利益方在生态补偿中的地位和作用进行了分析,确定了政府主导下的生态环境成本补偿市场运行机制,引入了生态补偿的非利益相关方主体,通过竞争和价格机制推进生态补偿的市场化运行。利用文献分析和实际情况相结合的方法,选取了影响煤炭矿区生态环境的煤炭资源损耗价值、煤炭开采生态破坏成本和生态环境恢复补偿成本三个计量要素。由于煤炭矿区生态环境复杂,采用规范与实证研究相结合的方法,将经济学、会计学、资产评估预计量等方法相结合,根据HEA生态服务价值补偿原理,分别构建了煤炭资源耗损模型、煤炭开采生态破坏模型和生态恢复成本模型,并对A矿区生态环境补偿成本进行了实例计量,最后对煤炭开采的生态环境成本补偿提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:Environment and energy provide important material basis for the development of national economy. If the resources are not used properly, it will restrict the development of economy and society. "Rich coal, less oil, short gas" is the resource characteristic of our country, which leads to our country's energy consumption mainly in coal for a long time, resulting in unreasonable structure of energy consumption. With the continuous increase of population and the development of industrialization, the increasing demand for coal in China leads to large-scale mining of coal, which will not only lead to the reduction or even depletion of coal resources. It will also cause serious environmental pollution and ecological damage to the fragile ecological environment of coal mining area. Therefore, in view of the negative environmental impact brought by coal mining, the research on ecological environment cost compensation of coal mining is to establish and perfect the compensation mechanism of coal resources exploitation ecological environment cost, and to restore or rebuild the damaged ecological environment system. It is of great significance to find a way to obtain higher environmental benefit and faster economic development with lower social resources and cost, which is of great significance to the construction of a new ecological mining area with the unity of economic, environmental and social benefits. On the basis of relevant literature research, this paper puts forward the connotation and characteristics of ecological compensation for coal mining, and summarizes the theoretical basis of ecological environment compensation. Based on the current situation of ecological compensation for coal resources exploitation, this paper analyzes the operating mechanism of environmental cost compensation in China at present. The main problems are: the definition of compensation content is not clear, and the laws are not perfect; The function of government in ecological compensation is not clear, and the approval of compensation project is unreasonable. Under the guidance of ecological compensation principle, this paper analyzes the position and role of government, market and other stakeholders in ecological compensation, and determines the market operation mechanism of ecological environmental cost compensation under the guidance of government. The non-stakeholders of ecological compensation are introduced to promote the marketization of ecological compensation through competition and price mechanism. By using the method of combining the literature analysis with the actual situation, this paper selects three metering factors: the value of coal resource loss, the cost of ecological destruction of coal mining and the cost of compensation for ecological environment recovery of coal mining area. Because of the complexity of ecological environment in coal mining area, this paper combines the methods of economics, accounting, assets evaluation and prediction, and according to the principle of HEA ecological service value compensation, adopts the method of combining normative and empirical research, and combines the methods of economics, accounting, asset evaluation and prediction, etc. Coal resource depletion model, coal mining ecological damage model and ecological restoration cost model are constructed, and the ecological environment compensation cost of A mining area is measured by examples. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the compensation of ecological environment cost of coal mining.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X322;F426.21

【参考文献】