我国乳制品行业规制效果的实证研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 11:23

【摘要】：随着经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,消费者对乳制品的需求量呈现快速增长的态势。在此背景下,乳制品行业发展迅猛,奶类生产量以每年平均两位数的增长幅度迅速增加,2000年我国乳制品产量只有82万吨,而2014年已达到2651万吨,2014年乳制品产量是2000年的30多倍。乳制品行业在迅速发展的过程中也出现了一些质量安全问题,如2008年三聚氰胺事件,2012年伊利奶粉汞超标事件,2014年奥妙可奶粉篡改保质期等。乳制品安全问题集中反映了我国经济转型时期各种利益主体之间的矛盾和冲突,因此加强乳制品安全规制,改善乳制品安全现状,减少乳制品安全事故的发生成为人们的迫切需求以及政府监管部门的工作重点。乳制品安全问题的发生是市场失灵的表现,而市场失灵的一个原因在于交易双方信息不对称,乳制品生产者和销售者相对于消费者拥有更多的信息,消费者无法从表面判断商品质量的好坏。另外乳制品安全问题的发生也反映了政府监督部门管理的失位,没有形成有效的监督和管理体系,法律框架尚不健全,政府在乳制品监督方面虽然做了很多工作,但与广大消费者的要求还有一定差距。本文采用2000-2014年的乳制品行业数据,首先分析乳制品行业及其规制的现状,发现其中存在的问题和不足之处,然后将乳制品产量、乳制品行业利润水平、乳制品抽检合格率作为规制效果指标,建立规制效果评价模型,从总量、利润和质量三方面检验政府在乳制品行业的规制效果,探究政府规制对乳制品行业的影响。实证表明,政府规制在利润方面,从整体上提高了行业的利润水平,发挥了正向作用,但对乳制品产量的提高和质量的提升并没有发挥显著地作用。最后依据实证结果,提出提高政府在乳制品行业规制效果的政策建议,对政府今后规制政策的制定提供参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, consumer's demand for dairy products is increasing rapidly. Under this background, the dairy industry develops rapidly, the dairy production increases rapidly with the average double-digit increase rate every year. In 2000, the dairy production in China was only 820000 tons, but in 2014 it reached 26.51 million tons, and the dairy product production in 2014 was more than 30 times that in 2000. In the process of rapid development of the dairy industry, there are also some quality and safety problems, such as the 2008 melamine incident, the 2012 Yili milk powder mercury exceeded the standard event, 2014 can tamper with the shelf life of milk powder, and so on. The problem of dairy products safety reflects the contradictions and conflicts among various stakeholders in the period of economic transformation in our country, so we should strengthen the safety regulation of dairy products and improve the present situation of dairy products safety. Reducing the occurrence of dairy safety accidents has become the urgent need of people and the focus of government supervision. The occurrence of dairy safety problem is the manifestation of market failure, and one of the reasons of market failure lies in the asymmetric information between the two sides of the transaction. The producers and sellers of dairy products have more information than consumers. Consumers cannot judge the quality of goods from the surface. In addition, the occurrence of dairy product safety problems also reflects the misplacement of the management of the government supervision department, the absence of an effective supervision and management system, the imperfect legal framework, and the government's work in the area of dairy product supervision, although the government has done a lot of work. However, there is still a certain gap with the requirements of the vast number of consumers. Based on the data of dairy industry from 2000 to 2014, this paper first analyzes the present situation of dairy industry and its regulation, finds out the problems and deficiencies, and then analyzes the production of dairy products and the profit level of dairy industry. As the index of regulation effect, the qualified rate of dairy products spot check is used to establish the evaluation model of regulation effect, to test the regulation effect of government in dairy industry from the aspects of total amount, profit and quality, and to probe into the influence of government regulation on dairy industry. The empirical results show that government regulation can improve the profit level of the industry as a whole and play a positive role, but it does not play a significant role in improving the output and quality of dairy products. Finally, based on the empirical results, the paper puts forward some policy recommendations to improve the regulatory effect of the government in the dairy industry, and provides reference value for the future regulatory policy formulation of the government.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.82

【相似文献】