美国能源战略发展史对中国能源战略发展的启示

发布时间：2018-08-14 14:02

【摘要】：我国正处于经济结构转型阶段,能源消费逐年攀升,能源安全问题日益突出。美国作为世界上最发达的国家,其能源战略对整个世界都有借鉴作用。美国能源战略的特点为:通过提升能源利用率、鼓励能源多元化和倡导节能来实现能源自主和独立,同时减少对不稳定能源来源地的依赖,提高各方对全球经济、安全和环境的关注度。而能源立法主要用来保障能源战略的有效实施,美国能源立法主要将焦点集中在应对能源危机、鼓励能源多元化和发展新能源三个方面,以全面反映能源发展战略作为总体指导思想,采用综合性能源立法为主、专门性能源立法和配套性能源立法为辅的模式,并随着时代变迁不断发展。美国还建立了世界上数量最大的政府应急原油储备。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的能源消费国,可以借鉴美国经验,改变能源消费结构,实现能源多元化,大力发展核能和可再生能源,寻找长期、稳定的能源进口地区,适时更新能源立法保障能源战略的有效实施,增加基础性重要法律解决能源安全问题,建立能源储备机制应对国际能源危机,积极提升在全球能源领域的主导性。
[Abstract]:Our country is in the economic structure transformation stage, the energy consumption is rising year by year, the energy security question is increasingly prominent. As the most developed country in the world, America's energy strategy can be used as a reference for the whole world. The US energy strategy is characterized by achieving energy autonomy and independence by increasing energy efficiency, encouraging energy diversification and promoting energy conservation, while reducing reliance on unstable sources of energy and increasing the global economy. Security and environmental concerns. While energy legislation is mainly used to ensure the effective implementation of the energy strategy, the US energy legislation mainly focuses on three aspects: dealing with the energy crisis, encouraging energy diversification and developing new energy sources. With the overall guiding ideology of reflecting the overall energy development strategy, the comprehensive energy legislation is adopted as the main mode, and the specialized energy legislation and the supporting energy legislation are supplemented, and with the development of the times. The United States has also built up the world's largest government emergency crude oil reserve. As the largest developing country and the largest energy consumer in the world, China can learn from the experience of the United States, change its energy consumption structure, realize energy diversification, vigorously develop nuclear energy and renewable energy, and look for a long term. In stable energy import areas, timely renewal of energy legislation to ensure the effective implementation of the energy strategy, addition of basic and important laws to solve energy security problems, and establishment of an energy reserve mechanism to deal with the international energy crisis, Actively promote the leading position in the global energy field.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京);中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所能源与环境政策研究中心;中国石化石油工程技术研究院;中国科学院兰州文献情报中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:71133005) 中国工程院2015-NY01项目第五课题“中国油气技术方向和技术路线图研究”的资助
【分类号】：F426.2;F471.2

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