新中国成立初期上海工人扫盲教育研究（1950-1956）

发布时间：2018-02-08 19:56

本文关键词： 工人扫盲教育改造与重塑　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新中国成立初期,恢复国民经济、巩固新生政权是中国共产党的中心任务。为了完成党的中心任务,作为工人阶级政党的中国共产党必然要依靠工人阶级。然而,当时工人阶级文化程度不高,非马克思主义思想保留较多,工人阶级的自身状况与党的中心任务要求不相适应。由于扫盲教育具有文化启蒙和政治启蒙的双重属性,因此也就成了提高工人文化水平,破除旧的意识形态束缚的最佳选择。新中国成立初期的上海工人扫盲教育分为起步、纠偏和加速发展三个部分。上海市通过建立领导机构、开展宣传动员、编写扫盲教材、创新教学方法保障工人扫盲教育的有效运行。在新中国成立初期大背景下推行的扫盲教育,由于其指导思想带有浓厚的阶级论色彩,导致扫盲教育出现泛政治化和革命化倾向。在具体实践过程中,扫盲教育偏离了正常的发展速度,带有速成性的特点。工人扫盲教育的推行,推动了新生政权对工人阶级的改造和重塑。文盲、半文盲工人不仅仅学会了基本的日常语言,更习得了一套政治语言。除此之外,扫盲教育还推动了文盲、半文盲工人休闲娱乐方式的转变,马克思主义信仰的生成以及政治参与热情的提高。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of New China, it was the central task of the Communist Party of China to restore the national economy and consolidate the new regime. In order to accomplish the party's central task, the CPC, as a working class political party, would have to rely on the working class. At that time, the cultural level of the working class was not high, and the non-Marxist ideology was more retained. The working class's own situation did not meet the requirements of the Party's central task. Since literacy education had the dual attributes of cultural and political enlightenment, Therefore, it has become the best choice to raise the cultural level of workers and break the shackles of old ideologies. In the early days of the founding of New China, Shanghai's literacy education for workers was divided into three parts: starting, correcting deviation, and accelerating development. Shanghai adopted the establishment of leading institutions. Carry out propaganda and mobilization, compile literacy teaching materials, and innovate teaching methods to ensure the effective operation of literacy education for workers. The literacy education carried out under the background of the founding of New China in the early days of the people's Republic of China, because its guiding ideology has a strong color of class theory, This led to the emergence of pan-politicization and revolutionization of literacy education. In the course of concrete practice, literacy education deviated from the normal speed of development and was characterized by rapid development. Promoted the new regime to reform and reshape the working class. Illiterate and semi-illiterate workers not only learned the basic daily language, but also learned a set of political languages. In addition, literacy education also promoted illiteracy. The transformation of the leisure and entertainment mode of semi-illiterate workers, the formation of Marxist belief and the improvement of enthusiasm for political participation.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D232

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