欠发达国家的资本所有者、腐败与贸易政策

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:07

本文选题：欠发达国家　切入点：民主化　出处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2015年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,欠发达国家出现了政治民主化与贸易自由化的浪潮。先行研究表明,在这些国家与地区中,政治民主化与贸易开放性政策呈现出一种正相关的关系。然而,本文认为,尽管民主为劳工开辟了影响贸易政策的制度性渠道,但是他们在集体行动的困境下,仍然难以有效地组织起来。相反,由于具有组织规模小、选择性激励充沛等优势因素,国内相关行业的资本所有者更具有影响政策的能力。诚然,资本所有者向政府施加影响的方式是多样的,而"腐败"则是其中重要的一种。因此,本文借助"腐败"作为测量资本所有者影响政府的代理性变量,以1995年至1999年全球欠发达国家的面板数据为基础,分析指出,在其他变量恒定的情况下,资本所有者影响越大,即一个国家腐败程度越高,该国贸易政策越闭塞。由此可见,民主制度本身同一国最终的贸易政策并不具有直接的相关关系。本文的一个基本启示在于,正式制度的变迁并不一定会带来行为的变化。它至少取决于两个基本因素,即制度的成熟度与社会接受度。因此,比起考察正式制度下可能产生的行为激励,更重要的是要考察制度背后的实际"政治运作"。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, there has been a wave of political democratization and trade liberalization in less developed countries. Previous studies show that there is a positive correlation between political democratization and open trade policies in these countries and regions. This paper argues that although democracy has opened up institutional channels for workers to influence trade policies, they are still difficult to organize effectively in the face of collective action. As a result of such advantages as selective incentives, capital owners in relevant domestic industries are more capable of influencing policy. Admittedly, there are many ways in which capital owners exert influence over governments, and "corruption" is one of them. Based on the panel data from 1995 to 1999 in the less developed countries, this paper points out that under the condition of constant other variables, the influence of capital owner is greater than that of the other variables, using "corruption" as a proxy variable to measure the influence of capital owners on the government, and on the basis of panel data from 1995 to 1999. That is, the more corrupt a country is, the more closed its trade policy is. Thus, democracy itself does not have a direct correlation with the final trade policy of the same country. The change of the formal system does not necessarily bring about the change of behavior. It depends on at least two basic factors, namely, the maturity of the institution and the degree of social acceptance. What is more important is to examine the actual "political operation" behind the system.
【作者单位】：厦门大学台湾研究院;
【分类号】：D262.6;F741

【相似文献】