毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 17:28
【摘要】：批评与自我批评是我们每一个人、每一个组织自我改造、自我净化、自我完善、自我提高的有力武器。同时,也是中国共产党区别于其他政党的一个显著标志。它不仅是一种德性的修养理论,更是一种哲学的方法论,其提出具有深厚的哲学基础。这种哲学基础体现在四个方面:一是意见两重性的制约;二是认识非至上性的规定;三是主观能动性的合理发挥的要求;四是理想人格培养的推动。在中国共产党的领导人中,毛泽东较早全面、系统地探讨、概括了批评与自我批评理论,并在一生中的大部分时间里践行了它。毛泽东在青年时代起就敢于拿起批评与自我批评这一武器,开展积极的批评与自我批评。转变为马克思主义者后,毛泽东从理论上阐明了为什么要开展批评与自我批评、怎样开展批评与自我批评,形成了一个完整的批评与自我批评理论。这一理论是中国革命与具体国情相结合的产物,是集体智慧的结晶,是马克思主义中国化理论的一个组成部分。从其思想来源、现实根据、历史展开以及双重实践来进行考察,有助于更好地把握其内在逻辑和价值。首先,毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论主要来源于三个方面:第一,马克思主义经典作家的理论引导;第二,中国传统文化的熏陶;第三,布尔什维克批评与自我批评理论的感染。从其现实根据而言,它不仅是中国共产党人全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨的要求,也是克服党内因利益偏差导致的思想和作风不纯的需要。此外,还是在总结和吸取中国共产党革命实践中的经验、教训的基础上逐渐发展起来的。其次,毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论的形成不是一蹴而就的,呈现为一个从自发到自觉的长期的历史展开过程,即青年时代的萌芽、大革命时期的初步展开、土地革命时期的自觉运用、延安时期的系统阐发。延安时期是这一过程最重要的一环。新中国成立后,其批评与自我批评徘徊于坚守与拒斥之间。再次,道德的修养与政治的实践是互相关联的有机整体,“修身”“齐家”“治国”“平天下”是统一的,毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论正是这样一种有机结合的体现。从修身的角度而言,作为个体的人的修养和作为中国共产党党员的修养都离不开批评与自我批评。从制度建设的层面而言,谏议制度是批评与自我批评在中国传统文化中的表现形式之一。民主生活会是开展批评与自我批评的重要阵地。最后,毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论展现了双重功能。既孕育了党的批评与自我批评作风,又催化了党的密切联系群众作风的形成。今天,重温毛泽东的批评与自我批评理论在党的建设中具有重要的现实意义:批评与自我批评依然是解决党内思想斗争的重要手段,批评与自我批评是全面从严治党的关键,批评与自我批评是中国共产党人坚持真理、修正错误,领导人民朝着正确方向前进的重要保证。
[Abstract]:Criticism and self-criticism are a powerful weapon for each of us, every organization, self-reform, self-purification, self-perfection and self-improvement. At the same time, it is also a remarkable sign that the CPC is different from other political parties. It is not only a theory of cultivation of virtue, but also a methodology of philosophy, which has a profound philosophical foundation. This philosophical basis is embodied in four aspects: the restriction of the duality of opinion, the stipulation of understanding non-supremacy, the requirement of rational exertion of subjective initiative, and the promotion of the cultivation of ideal personality. Among the leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong discussed comprehensively and systematically, summarized the theory of criticism and self-criticism, and practiced it for most of his life. In his youth, Mao Zedong dared to take up the weapon of criticism and self-criticism and to carry out positive criticism and self-criticism. After becoming a Marxist, Mao Zedong theoretically explained why criticism and self-criticism should be carried out, how to carry out criticism and self-criticism, and formed a complete theory of criticism and self-criticism. This theory is the product of the combination of the Chinese revolution and the specific national conditions, the crystallization of collective wisdom and a component part of the Sinicization theory of Marxism. It is helpful to grasp its inner logic and value from its ideological source, realistic basis, historical development and dual practice. First of all, Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism mainly come from three aspects: first, the theoretical guidance of Marxist classical writers; second, the influence of Chinese traditional culture; third, The infection of Bolshevik criticism and self-criticism theory. From its realistic basis, it is not only the request of the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, but also the need to overcome the impure thought and style of work caused by the deviation of interests in the Communist Party of China. In addition, it has gradually developed on the basis of summing up and drawing lessons from the revolutionary practice of the Communist Party of China. Secondly, the formation of Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism theory was not accomplished overnight. It was presented as a long-term historical development process from spontaneous to conscious, that is, the germination of youth and the initial development of the Great Revolution. The self-conscious use of land revolution period, Yan'an period of systematic analysis. Yan'an period is the most important part of this process. After the founding of New China, its criticism and self-criticism lingered between adherence and rejection. Thirdly, the cultivation of morality and the practice of politics are interrelated organic whole, "self-cultivation", "Qi family", "ruling the country" and "leveling the world" are unified. Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism theory are just such an organic combination. From the point of view of self-cultivation, criticism and self-criticism are indispensable to the cultivation of individuals and members of the Communist Party of China. From the aspect of system construction, remonstrance system is one of the forms of criticism and self-criticism in Chinese traditional culture. A democratic life will be an important position for criticism and self-criticism. Finally, Mao Zedong's theory of criticism and self-criticism shows a dual function. It not only gives birth to the Party's criticism and self-criticism style, but also catalyzes the formation of the Party's close contact with the masses. Today, reviewing Mao Zedong's theory of criticism and self-criticism is of great practical significance in the construction of the Party: criticism and self-criticism are still important means to solve the ideological struggle within the Party, and criticism and self-criticism are the key to comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. Criticism and self-criticism are the important guarantee for the Chinese Communists to uphold the truth, correct their mistakes and lead the people in the right direction.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D261.3;A84
，
本文编号：2160155
[Abstract]:Criticism and self-criticism are a powerful weapon for each of us, every organization, self-reform, self-purification, self-perfection and self-improvement. At the same time, it is also a remarkable sign that the CPC is different from other political parties. It is not only a theory of cultivation of virtue, but also a methodology of philosophy, which has a profound philosophical foundation. This philosophical basis is embodied in four aspects: the restriction of the duality of opinion, the stipulation of understanding non-supremacy, the requirement of rational exertion of subjective initiative, and the promotion of the cultivation of ideal personality. Among the leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong discussed comprehensively and systematically, summarized the theory of criticism and self-criticism, and practiced it for most of his life. In his youth, Mao Zedong dared to take up the weapon of criticism and self-criticism and to carry out positive criticism and self-criticism. After becoming a Marxist, Mao Zedong theoretically explained why criticism and self-criticism should be carried out, how to carry out criticism and self-criticism, and formed a complete theory of criticism and self-criticism. This theory is the product of the combination of the Chinese revolution and the specific national conditions, the crystallization of collective wisdom and a component part of the Sinicization theory of Marxism. It is helpful to grasp its inner logic and value from its ideological source, realistic basis, historical development and dual practice. First of all, Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism mainly come from three aspects: first, the theoretical guidance of Marxist classical writers; second, the influence of Chinese traditional culture; third, The infection of Bolshevik criticism and self-criticism theory. From its realistic basis, it is not only the request of the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, but also the need to overcome the impure thought and style of work caused by the deviation of interests in the Communist Party of China. In addition, it has gradually developed on the basis of summing up and drawing lessons from the revolutionary practice of the Communist Party of China. Secondly, the formation of Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism theory was not accomplished overnight. It was presented as a long-term historical development process from spontaneous to conscious, that is, the germination of youth and the initial development of the Great Revolution. The self-conscious use of land revolution period, Yan'an period of systematic analysis. Yan'an period is the most important part of this process. After the founding of New China, its criticism and self-criticism lingered between adherence and rejection. Thirdly, the cultivation of morality and the practice of politics are interrelated organic whole, "self-cultivation", "Qi family", "ruling the country" and "leveling the world" are unified. Mao Zedong's criticism and self-criticism theory are just such an organic combination. From the point of view of self-cultivation, criticism and self-criticism are indispensable to the cultivation of individuals and members of the Communist Party of China. From the aspect of system construction, remonstrance system is one of the forms of criticism and self-criticism in Chinese traditional culture. A democratic life will be an important position for criticism and self-criticism. Finally, Mao Zedong's theory of criticism and self-criticism shows a dual function. It not only gives birth to the Party's criticism and self-criticism style, but also catalyzes the formation of the Party's close contact with the masses. Today, reviewing Mao Zedong's theory of criticism and self-criticism is of great practical significance in the construction of the Party: criticism and self-criticism are still important means to solve the ideological struggle within the Party, and criticism and self-criticism are the key to comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. Criticism and self-criticism are the important guarantee for the Chinese Communists to uphold the truth, correct their mistakes and lead the people in the right direction.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D261.3;A84
，
本文编号：2160155
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