明智:性质、目的和意义——作为一种日常观念的明智概念

发布时间：2018-02-02 10:42

本文关键词： 明智为己为他道德　出处：《道德与文明》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中的"明智"一词,是由传统的"智(知)"的概念分化而来的。日常语言中的明智,兼有能力和品质的性质。从能力的角度而言,它对应于理智的理论认知能力和实践推理能力,而在实践推理方面又包括审慎推理和道德推理两种不同的推理活动;从品质的角度而言,道德推理中的明智可以被发展为一种品质,但却又非一般意义上的道德品质。基于此,常识道德对明智的评价不但不是最高的,反而略显暧昧和可疑,因为明智所指向的目的常常是"为己",而非"为他"。这种意义上的明智可能会在日常观念中引发一种近乎直觉的质疑:道德应该是与对他人的关切有关,致力于实现行为者自身目的的明智似乎从一开始就偏离了道德。更重要的是,明智与道德之间的这种张力不仅存在于日常观念之中,还存在于将德性与幸福视为核心概念的德性论之中。要想澄清这些与当代德性伦理学讨论紧密相关的问题,就有必要对日常观念中的明智进行重新的审视和考察。
[Abstract]:The word "wisdom" in modern Chinese is divided from the traditional concept of "intelligence". Wisdom in everyday language has both the nature of ability and quality, and from the perspective of ability. It corresponds to rational theoretical cognitive ability and practical reasoning ability, and in practical reasoning, it includes two different reasoning activities: prudent reasoning and moral reasoning. From the quality point of view, wisdom in moral reasoning can be developed into a quality, but not in the general sense of the moral quality. Based on this, common sense moral evaluation of wisdom is not the highest. On the contrary, it is slightly ambiguous and suspicious, for the purpose of wisdom is often to "do for yourself". Rather than "for him," this sense of wisdom may raise a near-intuitive question in everyday thinking: morality is supposed to be about concern for others. Wisdom in the pursuit of the actors' own ends seems to have deviated from morality from the outset. More importantly, the tension between wisdom and morality is not only present in everyday ideas. It also exists in the theory of virtue which regards virtue and happiness as core concepts. It is necessary to clarify these issues which are closely related to the discussion of contemporary ethics of virtue. It is necessary to re-examine and examine the wisdom of daily ideas.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-02
【正文快照】： 一、“知”“智”与“明智”日常观念中的“明智”有着复杂的渊源。“明智”一词在先秦典籍中就已出现1,但它在日常语言中的普遍使用,还要等到现代汉语出现之后。之前的“明智”观念大多被笼统地包含在“智(知)”的概念之下。“知”和“智”在古汉语中本出同源,一般认为“知”

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