宗教的道德化:孔子与康德宗教思想之比较

发布时间：2018-03-02 05:24

本文关键词： 孔子康德宗教道德　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：孔子与康德在论及宗教时有很多共同之处,他们的不同之处则反映出中西方宗教观的典型差别。对孔子与康德宗教思想进行对比研究能够使我们更好地理解宗教本质的应有之义以及宗教与道德的关系。从宗教信仰的对象来看,孔子在肯定鬼神存在的同时主张敬而远之,强调一种积极的入世态度;康德在否定上帝实有的同时,仅仅将其视为"德福一致"的保障加以合理悬设。从道德信仰的对象来看,孔子认为以道德为本质属性的"天命"高于一切,顺天应命就是践行仁道;康德则认为作为理性绝对命令的"道德律"最为神圣,主张依照"道德律"行动是所有人的应尽义务。从宗教与道德的关系来看,孔子并未否定现实宗教信仰,而是主张宗教为道德服务;康德则坚决主张化宗教为道德,认为一切现实性宗教都应当走向理性的道德宗教。对孔子与康德宗教思想的比较,将有益于充分发挥宗教的积极社会作用,促使宗教更好地服务于和谐社会建设。
[Abstract]:Confucius and Kant have a lot in common when they talk about religion. Their differences reflect the typical differences in religious views between China and the West. A comparative study of Confucius and Kant's religious thoughts can help us better understand the proper meaning of the essence of religion and the relationship between religion and morality. From the point of view of the object of religious belief, Confucius, while affirming the existence of ghosts and gods, advocated to respect them while stressing a positive attitude toward joining the WTO. Kant, while denying the existence of God, only regarded it as a guarantee of "the unity of good and good" and set it up reasonably. From the point of view of the object of moral belief, Confucius believed that the "destiny", with morality as its essential attribute, took precedence over everything, and obeying the orders of heaven was the practice of benevolence, while Kant believed that the "moral law", as the absolute order of reason, was the most sacred. In view of the relationship between religion and morality, Confucius did not deny the religious belief in reality, but advocated that religion served morality; Kant insisted that religion should be transformed into morality. The comparison between Confucius and Kant's religious thoughts will benefit to give full play to the positive social role of religion and promote religion to serve the construction of harmonious society better.
【作者单位】：湖北大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-055

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