道德理由的特殊性与普遍性——对内在理由与外在理由的反思

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:26

本文选题：道德理由 + 内在主义　；参考：《学术月刊》2015年04期

【摘要】：道德理由是道德哲学的重要议题。从康德与休谟的理性主义与情感主义之争,到今天的内在主义与外在主义之争,随着道德哲学的演进,在道德理由上争论的重点也发生了转移。从论证来看,内在主义与外在主义都有一定的合理之处,也有一些难以克服的缺陷。内在主义注重道德理由与个人行为动机之间的直接关联,却忽视了道德理由不能简单等同于个人的内在理由。外在主义强调道德理由必须要尊重外部的道德原则,却往往无力激发行为者以此行事。从当代道德哲学的发展来看,内在主义与外在主义之争其实是反映了个人偏私的特殊性与不偏不倚的道德要求之间的关系。一个更加合理的道德理由必须同时满足这两方面的要求,既是特殊的,也是普遍的,既是内在主义的,也是外在主义的。
[Abstract]:Moral reason is an important topic in moral philosophy. From the dispute between the rationalism and the emotism of Kant and Hume, to the controversy between the immanent and externalism today, with the evolution of the moral philosophy, the focus of the debate on moral reasons has also been transferred. From the argument, both the immanent and Externalism have some reasonable points, There are some insuperable defects. Immanent emphasizes the direct connection between moral reason and personal behavior motivation, but ignores that moral reasons cannot be simply equal to the inner reason of individual. Externalism emphasizes that moral reasons must respect external moral principles, but often do not motivate the actors to act. In the view of the development of the study, the dispute between immanent and externalism is actually a reflection of the relationship between the particularity of personal favoritism and the impartiality of moral requirements. A more reasonable moral reason must meet the requirements of these two aspects at the same time, both special and universal, both immanent and externalism.

【作者单位】：上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所;
【分类号】：B82

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