环境正义问题的当代困境与出路

发布时间：2019-01-01 08:21

【摘要】：环境正义伊始于美国,随后在全球引起了广泛的关注和响应,环境正义是环境伦理学中的重要内容。在1971年罗尔斯的《正义论》问世以后,环境学家和环境法学家又在其基础上相继的提出了一系列的有关环境正义的概念,例如种际正义、代内正义、环境权利、绿色正义等等。本文从“正义”出发,进一步引申出“环境正义”的概念,并对罗尔斯的《正义论》做出深刻的论述和阐释,随后从代内正义、代际正义以及种际正义三个方面来论述环境问题的当代困境。环境正义问题的当代困境主要表现在发达国家与发展中国家在环境正义问题上的冲突、区域环境不正义、后代人与前代人在如何平衡分配资源、动物权益无法保障的问题等等。也分别从理论和实践方面提出了解决问题的意见和建议。本文最终研究发现,无论代内环境正义、代际环境正义还是种际间的环境正义问题,都可以转化为当前世代人与人之间利益分配与承认人权等问题。在道德上,人们应该充分的尊重自然,尊重有色人种或贫穷地区居民的人权,反对环境歧视。在法律中,完善动物保护机制,抵制国际间环境不平等条约。在本文的最后,笔者以马克思主义的生态观有关环境正义问题的阐释结尾：生态马克思主义认为,只有将生态环境问题与社会公平问题捆绑在一起考虑,只有重视和解决与资本主义生产方式相关的经济和环境不公的问题,生态发展才有可能。
[Abstract]:Environmental justice began in the United States, and then aroused widespread concern and response in the world. Environmental justice is an important content in environmental ethics. After Rawls' Theory of Justice was published in 1971, environmentalists and environmental jurists put forward a series of concepts on environmental justice, such as inter-species justice, intra-generational justice, environmental rights, green justice and so on. Starting from "justice", this paper further extends the concept of "environmental justice", and makes a profound exposition and explanation of Rawls' Theory of Justice. Intergenerational justice and intergenerational justice are three aspects to discuss the contemporary predicament of environmental problems. The contemporary dilemma of environmental justice is mainly manifested in the conflicts between developed and developing countries on environmental justice, regional environmental injustice, how future generations and previous generations balance the allocation of resources, and the problems that animals' rights and interests cannot be guaranteed, and so on. Suggestions and suggestions for solving the problem are also put forward in theory and practice. In the end, it is found that the problems of environmental justice between generations, intergenerational environmental justice and inter-species environmental justice can be transformed into the distribution of benefits and the recognition of human rights among the current generations. Morally, people should fully respect nature, respect the human rights of people of color or poor areas, and oppose environmental discrimination. In the law, improve animal protection mechanism, resist international environmental inequality treaty. At the end of this paper, the author ends with the explanation of environmental justice from the Marxist view of ecology: ecological Marxism holds that only the ecological environmental problems and social equity issues should be considered together. Only by attaching importance to and solving the unfair economic and environmental problems related to capitalist mode of production can ecological development be possible.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-058

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