转基因技术的利与弊_转基因技术的风险_转基因技术的伦理道德思考

发布时间：2016-06-15 21:05

  本文关键词：转基因技术的伦理道德思考，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

转基因技术的伦理道德思考

     2009-7-18 0:59:41     来源：     

　　论文标题转基因技术的伦理道德思考
Transgenic Technology Thoughts on the Ethics and Morality
论文作者
论文导师郭军,论文学位硕士,论文专业科学技术哲学
论文单位成都理工大学,点击次数0,论文页数42页File Size2835K
2007-10-01
Transgenic Technology;; ethical;; moral;; ethical principles
生命科学在21世纪的高科技中独占鳌头，其中尤以转基因技术的发展和应用为代表。利用转基因技术，人类可以实现攻克顽症、提高生命质量的美好愿望，但同时它也引发诸多社会伦理道德问题。因此，如何对转基因技术形成客观、全面的认识，引导其朝着有利于人类社会进步的方向发展就成了具有重大理论和现实意义的课题。 对此本文主要分五部分展开：第一部分简单介绍本研究课题的学术背景及理论与实际意义，国内外文献综述，本研究课题的来源及主要研究内容，论文的主要成果。第二部分介绍转基因技术的出现及其发展现状，主要通过转基因技术、基因工程、克隆技术、杂交技术的概念比较来分析转基因技术的技术特点。转基因技术又称为第二代基因工程，其最大的优点在于通过利用外源基因能在相对短的时间内获得预期的性状，能解决面临的一些现实社会问题，但也存在技术风险，并且对人类社会伦理道德形成了一定的冲击。 第三部分从三个不同侧面剖析了转基因技术的发展实施所引发的相关道德问题。第一，科技进步挑战人类情感和尊严。从转基因技术诞生之日起，人们对转基因技术一直持不同态度，许多人从情感态度上对这项新技术非常排斥，但是巨大的社会利益动机使得它必然会蓬勃发展。这也就意味着当人在自然面前越来越强大的同时，在自己的科技手段面前越来越弱小，对于力图保持尊严完整的人类来说是个巨大的挑战。第二，人类权利受到巨大冲击。基因治疗是未来转基因技术应用的新的发展方向，，但基因治疗也就意味着对人类基因的解密。人类基因组计划所揭示的遗传信息是个人最基本的隐私，它的泄露意味着人的自然权利受到损害；研究表明疾病是由“致病基因”引起，这容易使社会对那些携带严重致病基因的人实行不公正对待，产生“基因歧视”，使得人的社会权利受损；人类一旦通过基因治疗或根治遗传病，就不可避免地会产生改良后代的愿望——“基因优生”，又会引起激烈的价值冲突和新的社会不平等。第三，基因专利与利益分配问题。人类只有一套基因组，所以人类基因是一种有限资源，通过基因专利来垄断与该基因相关的药物生产及治疗以获取巨额经济利益，更是不平等现象的进一步加剧。 第四部分从两个方面阐述转基因技术发展的重要伦理思想基础。第一，基因只是一切生命的组成部分，不能简单等同于生命。转基因技术的运用只是改变了基因的性状，并没有改变人的自然本质。第二，人的生命高于动物生命，但人与人之间没有生命等级划分，每个人对自己的生命负责。在人类伦理道德体系中，尊重生命是最基本最核心的原则。 提出问题是为了解决问题，本文在第五部分通过伦理反思重点从伦理方面寻找思想引导。转基因技术应以人类的健康和福利为终极价值目标。在实现目标的过程中，我们必须对转基因技术实行必要的伦理引导。我们应当遵循“知情同意／选择原则”，提高公众对转基因技术的认知水平，培养公众对转基因技术的正确态度，尽量使公众做到真正的知情选择；遵循“不伤害原则”，反对滥用转基因技术进行优生选择，尽量避免无意中的伤害，降低转基因技术对人体健康和个人权利产生危害的可能性；遵循“公正原则”和“平等互利原则”，反对对有限基因资源的专利和掠夺，提倡利益共享，利益与共，共同进步。
Life Science is one of the most important high-tech in the 21st Century, the research of Transgenic Technology is a representative of it. By using of Transgenic Technology, human being can achieve the long to conquer disease and improve the life quality, but it also causes a lot of social ethics issues. Therefore, how the transgenic technology form an objective, comprehensive understanding and guide them toward the progress of human society to develop in the direction became a major theoretical and practical significance of the issue. This paper consists of five parts. The first part briefly introduce the research project"s background and the academic theory and practical significance; Literature Review; The main topics of study and source of content, the main theses results. The second part introduced the development of transgenic technology and the emergence of the status quo, mainly analyzing the technical features of transgenic technology through comparing the concept of transgenic technology, genetic engineering, clone, hybridization. Transgenic technology is also known as the second generation of genetic engineering, its biggest advantage is that through using of outer genes in a relatively short period of time, achieving the expected traits, it can solve some of the reality facing social problems, but there are also a technology risk, and ethics of human society formed a certain impact. The third part analyzed from three different aspect of the development of transgenic technology which triggered by the implementation of the relevant ethical issues. Firstly, the development of science and technology challenge the progress of human emotion and dignity. From the date of its birth, people have been a different attitude toward transgenic technology. From the emotional attitude toward this new technology someone is very exclusive, but the enormous social benefits motive makes it inevitably flourish. This also means that when people became increasingly powerful when they face to nature. At the same time, people felt weaker when they face to the science and technology means which they have created. It is a tremendous challenge for trying to maintain the integrity of human dignity. Secondly, human rights are tremendous blows. Gene therapy is a new developing direction for the application of transgenic technology in future, but the gene therapy also means the decrypt on gene. The genetic information was revealed by The Human Genome Project which is the most fundamental personal privacy, the disclosure means that human beings" natural rights are prejudiced. Through the search, it shows that the disease is caused by "disease genes", which tends to bring some unjust treatment for those who had "disease genes" from the public, it turned to "genetic discrimination", making the damage to their social rights. Once human being can cure genetic disease through human gene therapy, they will inevitably have the wish of desire future generation-"gene eugenics", it will have a heated conflict of the value and bring the new social inequality. Thirdly, some issues of the interests of gene patents and distribution. There"s only one human genome, it"s a kind of limited resources. Associated with the monopoly of the drug production and treatment through gene patents for a huge economic interests, it"s a further aggravate inequalities. The fourth part wrote from two aspects of transgenic technology on the development of ethical ideological foundation. Firstly, the gene is an integral part of one"s life, it can not be simply equated with life. The use of transgenic technology is changing genetic traits, and has not changed the natural essence. Secondly, human life superior to animal life, but there"s no life between people can classification, each is responsible for their own lives. In human ethical system, the most basic respect for life is the most central principle. To raise questions is to solve them, the fifth part of this paper is about to find some ideological guidance through the ethical aspects. Transgenic technology should be to the health and welfare of mankind as the ultimate value targets. In achieving the objectives of the process, we must transgenic technologies necessary ethical guide. We should follow the "informed consent / choice principle" to raise public awareness of transgenic technology, cultivating transgenic technology to the public the correct attitude, as far as possible so that the public be truly informed choice; Follow the "no harm principle" and against the abuse of transgenic technology eugenic choice to avoid unintended harm, lower transgenic technology on human health and the rights of individuals have the possibility of harm; Guided by the "principles of justice" and the principle of equality and mutual benefit, opposed to the limited resources of the Patent and plunder and promote shared interests, the interests of the community, and common progress.

  本文关键词：转基因技术的伦理道德思考，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

本文编号：57623