城乡结合部社区消防安全的多中心治理研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 09:51

本文关键词：城乡结合部社区消防安全的多中心治理研究　出处：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市化的高速推进，，城市边缘地带的土地被大量征用，这催生了许多的介于城市社区和农村社区之间的第三种社区类型——城乡结合部社区。它具有复合性、活跃性、相对独立性和动态性等显著特点。这类社区在促进社会经济发展的同时，消防安全问题却非常突出，火灾形势呈高发态势，甚至已经超过农村地区。据估算，全国约有20%~30%的火灾发生在城乡结合部区域；超过七成的重、特大火灾事故均发生在城乡结合部。尽管国内众多消防工作者和相关学者对这一问题做了大量的研究和分析，也提出了一系列整改措施。但这些措施大多从政府部门作为消防安全管理主体的角度出发，无法激发民众作为消防安全直接受益者进行自我管理的积极性和动力，始终达不到良好的效果。本文通过深入剖析，详细阐述了城乡结合部社区在消防安全管理中存在的主要问题及其原因：建筑主体合法性缺失，建筑防火先天不足；城市公共配套设施基础落后，城市规划滞后于城市化发展；居民消防安全意识薄弱，缺少必要疏散逃生知识；出租房、“三合一”和小场所等普遍存在等消防安全隐患。同时，本文通过比较国内外消防安全管理模式，发现我国城乡结合部消防安全管理模式及水平与境外消防安全管理模式相比还存在一定的差距，特别是在社区管理机构职能定位、消防设施配备、社区消防安全宣传教育、社区管理人员的专业技能、应急预案设置等方面有着明显差距。上述问题和差距的存在使得研究和探索城乡结合部社区消防安全的新管理模式成为一项非常急切的任务。多中心治理作为一种全新的公共管理理论，能够改善公有资源的使用问题，它倡导权力分散、管辖多样化并且存在政府之外的民主自治的治理模式，这种模式充满竞争和合作，在国内外被广泛应用于公共事务的治理。针对城乡结合部社区消防安全管理面临“政府失效”和“市场失灵”的困境，本文在研究国内外多中心治理理论的基础上，将多中心治理理论运用于我国城乡结合部社区的消防安全管理，构建了城乡结合部社区消防安全的多中心治理模式——消防安全工作站，研究了这种模式下参与消防安全管理的主体、各主体角色地位及其职责分工、监督体系等，为有效解决城乡结合部社区消防安全问题开辟了一条新思路。本研究结合杭州市滨江区城乡结合部社区之一的T社区的案例，取得了明显的成效，论证了多中心治理理论运用于城乡结合部社区消防安全管理的可能性。
[Abstract]:With the fast development of our city, the city fringe land has been expropriated, which spawned many between city and rural communities of the third types of community - Community in urban and rural areas. It has a complex, active, independent and dynamic characteristics. This kind of community in promoting the the social and economic development at the same time, the fire safety problem is very prominent, the fire situation is high, even more than in rural areas. It is estimated that about 20%~30% of the National Fire Department of regional integration in urban and rural areas; more than 70% of the heavy fire accidents occurred in the urban fringe. Although many domestic fire workers and scholars done a lot of research and Analysis on this problem, also put forward a series of corrective measures. But most of these measures from the government departments as the fire safety management main body angle It is impossible to stimulate the public's initiative and motivation for self management as direct beneficiaries of fire safety, and never achieve good results.
Through in-depth analysis, elaborated on the main problems existing in fire safety management department and the combination of urban and rural community construction of the main reasons: lack of legality, building fire city public facilities congenitally deficient; base behind the city planning lags behind the development of city residents; fire safety awareness is weak, lack the necessary knowledge of evacuation; rental housing. "Three in one" and the small places of widespread fire safety hazards.
At the same time, through the comparison of domestic and foreign fire safety management, found that China's urban and rural integration there is still a gap of the fire safety management mode and the level of fire safety management mode of overseas, especially in the community management functions, fire facilities, community fire safety publicity education, community management personnel with professional skills, the obvious gap between emergency settings.
The existence of these problems and gap makes the research and exploration of new management mode of urban community fire safety has become a very urgent task. The multi center governance as a new public management theory, the use of public resources to improve the problem, it advocates power scattered, diversified and democratic self-government jurisdiction exists outside the governance model, this model is full of competition and cooperation, governance at home and abroad are widely used in public affairs. In the face of "government failure" and "market failure" the plight of community fire safety management of urban and rural integration, based on the study of domestic and international multi center governance theory, the multi center governance theory in China the combination of urban and rural fire safety management department of the community, constructing the urban fringe community fire safety of the multi center governance model: fire safety research workstation. The mode of participation of fire safety management, the main role and the division of responsibilities, supervision system, in order to effectively solve opens up a new way of urban-rural fringe community fire safety problems. Based on the combination of community of T community in Hangzhou as a case of Binjiang District urban and rural areas, and achieved remarkable results, demonstration the multi center governance theory in the urban community of the possibility of fire safety management.

【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D631.6

【引证文献】