伪造指纹的识别方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 19:41

本文关键词：伪造指纹的识别方法研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：指纹具有“人各不同，终身不变”的特性，因而被人们广泛地应用于人身识别之中，无论是刑事案件、民事案件，还是社会活动的其他方面，大到国家军事领域，小到身份证的网络核查等。近些年来，一些不法分子也利用指纹与人身识别间的这种关联来达到其违法犯罪的目的，他们通过伪造指纹以达到破坏物证、扰乱警方侦查视线、逃避打击或非法获取利益，甚至嫁祸他人的目的。指纹的特性被充分而广泛的应用于当今社会，有的情况可能意味着金钱，有的情况可能意味着非常重要的商业信息，有的情况可能意味着犯罪分子的“一线生机”。因此，随着指纹在社会各个领域被充分利用的同时，犯罪分子也同样嗅到了这其中的利益气息。伪造指纹是人类知识水平普遍提高和犯罪分子反侦查能力不断攀升、犯罪手段多样化的必然结果。那么如何识别伪造指纹？这也就成了侦查部门和鉴定者在新时期遇到的新难题，也是刑事科学技术发展过程中所面临的重大课题，这不仅是实务界需要直视的重点问题，也是理论界对完善指纹理论体系所必须研究的一个方面。因此，，研究伪造指纹的种类、识别方法显得十分必要和迫切。本文中对伪造指纹的识别方法进行了一定的研究，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用，使这个论题可以引起司法理论界与实务界同仁的关注，并通过大家的共同努力解决好这个新时代背景下遇到的新问题，让犯罪分子无可乘之机。本文的第一部分论述了指纹识别技术在各个领域的广泛应用，以及指纹识别技术为这些个领域带来的改变和进步，同时说明指纹识别与许多信息和利益的相关性。另一方面，犯罪分子受利益的驱使，其犯罪手段也逐步趋向高智商化，他们越来越多地通过伪造指纹的手段来获取重要的信息、非法利益以及逃避警方的打击等。由以上论述说明研究伪造指纹重要的现实及理论意义；文章的第二部分主要探讨伪造指纹的内涵及其分类。根据对刑法中有关“伪造”概念的理解，对本文中的“伪造指纹”加以分析，进行了主体的完善、内容的扩充，得出了“伪造指纹”的定义并且基于对伪造指纹内涵的分析确定了伪造指纹的分类，将其分为直接伪造指纹和间接伪造指纹两大类别；笔者在文章的第三部分主要论述了几种常见伪造指纹的识别方法，也是本文的重点内容。笔者按照前文伪造指纹的分类，对几种伪造指纹的伪造方法进行了分析，并按照伪造指纹的特点加以归纳、总结，由此提出了不同种类的伪造指纹的识别方法。本文的研究手法主要是：一是分析归纳总结。即是对目前司法实践中遇到的伪造指纹案例和常见的伪造指纹的方法、手段、特点的总结；二是实验验证。通过大量实验，并经过仔细观察、分析，得出常见伪造指纹的识别方法。
[Abstract]:Fingerprint has the characteristics of "people are different, life invariant", so it is widely used in personal identification, whether criminal cases, civil cases, or other aspects of social activities. In recent years, some lawless elements also use this kind of association between fingerprint and personal identification to achieve their criminal purpose. They use forged fingerprints to destroy physical evidence, disrupt the sight of police investigation, evade the attack or illegal gain, or even frame others. The characteristics of fingerprints are fully and widely used in today's society, some situations may mean money, some situations may mean very important business information. In some cases it may mean the "life of the line" of criminals. Thus, as fingerprints are fully utilized in all spheres of society. Criminals also smell the interests of the atmosphere. Counterfeiting fingerprints is the general level of human knowledge and criminal anti-detection ability to climb. The inevitable result of the diversification of criminal methods. So how to identify forged fingerprints? This has become a new difficult problem encountered by investigation departments and appraisers in the new period, and is also a major subject in the process of the development of criminal science and technology, which is not only the key issue that the practical circles need to look directly at. It is also an aspect that the theoretical circle must study to perfect the fingerprint theory system. The identification method is very necessary and urgent. In this paper, a certain amount of research on the identification method of fake fingerprint is carried out, hoping to play a role in attracting the jade. So that this topic can attract the attention of judicial theorists and practitioners, and solve the new problems in the new era through the joint efforts of everyone, so that criminals have no opportunity. The first part of this paper discusses the wide application of fingerprint identification technology in various fields, as well as the changes and progress that fingerprint identification technology has brought to these fields. On the other hand, the criminals are driven by the interests, their criminal means also gradually tend to high intelligence. More and more of them obtain important information by means of forged fingerprints, illegal interests and escape from the police. The second part of the article mainly discusses the connotation and classification of forged fingerprint. According to the understanding of the concept of "forgery" in the criminal law, the "forged fingerprint" in this article is analyzed and the subject is perfected. With the expansion of the content, the definition of "forged fingerprint" is obtained, and the classification of forged fingerprint is determined based on the analysis of the connotation of forged fingerprint, which is divided into two categories: direct forged fingerprint and indirect forged fingerprint. In the third part of the article, the author mainly discusses several common identification methods of forged fingerprint, which is also the key content of this paper. The author classifies the fingerprint according to the previous forgery. This paper analyzes several forgery methods of forged fingerprint, and sums up and summarizes them according to the characteristics of forged fingerprint. Therefore, different kinds of fake fingerprint identification methods are put forward. The main research techniques of this paper are as follows:. The first is the analysis and summary, that is, the current judicial practice of counterfeit fingerprint cases and common methods of counterfeit fingerprints. Means, characteristics of the summary; The second is experimental verification. Through a large number of experiments and careful observation and analysis, the identification method of common forged fingerprint is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D918.9

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