试论我国侦查讯问制度的完善

发布时间：2018-01-24 21:11

本文关键词： 侦查讯问价值完善沉默权监督检察监督律师在场权　出处：《安徽大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 刑事侦查讯问是获取犯罪嫌疑人口供，查明案件事实的一种重要侦查手段。在我国现行的刑事诉讼中，还没有哪一种证据象口供那样使用广泛，还没有哪一种证据象口供那样在侦查破案中发挥重要的作用。正因为口供的重要作用，在司法实践中，办案人员往往过分依赖口供，没有口供不敢结案，以致于刑讯逼供等侵犯犯罪嫌疑人基本权利的现象屡禁不止。弱化口供的作用，保障犯罪嫌疑人口供的相对任意性，真正发挥刑事侦查讯问在侦查破案中的重要作用，需要改变传统的诉讼理念和价值观念，需要一套完整的侦查讯问模式和制度的改革。本文就如何完善我国现行的刑事侦查讯问进行初浅的探讨，以期对改革完善我国现行的刑事侦查讯问制度有所帮助。全文共分四个部分。第一部分阐明我国现行刑事侦查讯问制度的现状以及存在的缺陷。1997年1月，经全国人大八届四次会议修正的刑事诉讼法正式生效。从该法规定的我国现行侦查讯问制度看，以犯罪嫌疑人的防御权为核心的人权保护呈现出一定的增强趋势，基本上遵循了现代侦查讯问制度的一般规律。但由于在指导思想和价值的选择上过分强调打击犯罪和实体公正，对侦查讯问程序自身价值及犯罪嫌疑人权利保护关注不够，导致现行的侦查讯问制度还存在不少缺陷：侦查机关与犯罪嫌疑人之间的权利配置严重失衡，侦查讯问完全是在秘密的状态下进行，不受任何监督；犯罪嫌疑人有如实回答侦查人员讯问的义务，但除了聘请律师提供提供帮助和代理申诉、控告以及对与案件无关问题的拒绝回答权外，几乎无任何其他抗辩的权利，沦为查明案件事实的手段；法律虽然规定了禁止刑讯逼供等非法方法讯问犯罪嫌疑人，单并没有规定非法获取的口供以及以非法口供为线索获得的其他证据的效力。上述缺陷导致在刑事诉讼中，侦查机关异乎寻常地重视口供，甚至不惜以非法手段获取口供，犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼主体地位几乎丧失殆尽，个人权利极易受到侵犯。第二部分论述了刑事侦查讯问的价值及完善我国侦查讯问制度的价值选择。如何选择和设计一种案件事实能被准确发现和确定，又能公正地保障个人的基本权利，并且最大限度地实现诉讼效率的侦查讯问制度，在很大程度上是一个不同价值之间的综合判断和权衡问题。刑事侦查讯问作为刑事诉讼程序的一部分，也包含内在价值、外在价值和效率价值，三种价值之间既对立又统一。对三种价值的不同选择和取舍形成了两种完全不同的侦查讯问模式和侦查讯问制度。以大陆法系国家为代表职权主义讯问模式及纠问式的讯问制度往往较能体现实体真实，但容易侵犯嫌疑人的权利。以英美法系国家为代表的当事人主义讯问模式和弹劾式的讯问制度具有较为荚出的个人价值，更能显示程序的公正，但其代价是可能造成查明案件真实的能力和诉讼效率的降低。从世界范围的刑事诉讼发展历史看，职权主义明显处于衰退趋势，而当事人主义明显处于上升趋势。完善我国的刑事侦查讯问制度必须坚持从国情出发，从价值观上借鉴两大法系的合理因素，既重视实体真实和诉讼效率，又要注重讯问过程自身的价值。特别是要惜鉴当事人主义的正当程序原则，突出侦查讯问过程的公正性，以公正的程序获取公正的事实，在程序公正和实体公正的基础卜推进诉讼效率的提高。第三部分介绍了现代侦查讯问制度的主要内容。现代刑事侦育讯问制度是以确保犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼主体地位和犯罪嫌疑人的陈述自愿性为核心的，为确保犯罪嫌疑人陈述的自愿性并促使其作出理性的选择，世界各国及联合国的相关法律都规定了一系列的保障制度－主要包括赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权；讯问时要求律师在场的权利；对讯问的方法、时间、地点、条件的限制等。第四部分论述了完善我国侦育讯问制度的几点思考。笔者认为，完善我国现行的刑事侦查讯问制度必须充分考虑我国社会治安和刑事司法的现状，遵循刑事司法的国际标准，坚持最低限度的程序公上标准。首先，应建立自白的任意性标准和非法证据排除规则，建立有限制的沉默权制度。我国建立该项制度是与国际接轨的需要，是抗辩式诉讼机制的需要，，是无罪推定原则的必然延伸，是遏止刑讯逼供。防止侦查人员滥用侦查权的有效手段。目前，我国已经具备建立有限制沉默权的政治、经济、和法制条件，应当从法律和技术角度对建）有限制沉默权的内容加以具体规定。其次应加强对侦查讯问活动的监督。侦查讯问中的违法行为很大程度上是因为缺少必要的监督造成的。为此本文建议从赋予辩护律师讯问在场权和加强检察监督两个斤面，强化对侦查讯问行为的监督，明确加强这两项监督的重要性、必要性，并对加强这两项监督的具体内容明确加以规定。
[Abstract]:The criminal investigation and interrogation is to obtain the statement of suspect, an important means of investigation to verify the facts of cases. In the current criminal litigation in our country, there is no evidence that a confession as widely used, also did not play an important role as a kind of evidence which that confession in the detection. Because of the important role. In the judicial practice, investigators often rely on confessions, no confession not closed, that violated the inquisition by torture suspects the basic rights of the phenomenon of repeated. The weakening of the functions, guarantee the relative arbitrariness of criminal suspect's confession, really play an important role in criminal investigation and interrogation in investigation, need change the traditional litigation ideas and values, reform requires a complete set of interrogation mode and system. In this paper, how to improve our existing criminal interrogation. In order to improve the current system of criminal investigation and interrogation, the full text is divided into four parts, which is helpful to the reform and improvement of the current criminal investigation and interrogation system.
The first part of the status quo of China's current criminal investigation and interrogation system and defects existing in.1997 in January, the criminal procedure law of the four session of the eight National People's Congress revised the official force. From the current investigation and interrogation system in our country the law, protection of human rights to the criminal suspect defense power as the core has an increasing trend the general rule basically follows the modern interrogation system. But because of the guiding ideology and value too much emphasis on the choice of the fight against crime and the entity justice, procedure of investigation and interrogation of the value and protection of the rights of criminal suspects in investigation and interrogation system not enough attention, there are still many defects: the serious imbalance between the investigation organ and the rights of criminal suspects configuration, interrogation is completely in a state secret, without any supervision; criminal suspect investigation answer truthfully Check the personnel interrogation obligations, but in addition to hire a lawyer to provide help and appeals, and the accused in the case rejected the unrelated question answered right, almost no other right to defense, a means of identifying the facts of the case; although the legal provisions of the prohibition of torture and other illegal methods of interrogation of criminal suspects, and no single the provisions of illegal access to confession and the effect to the illegal confession other evidence obtained. These defects result in criminal proceedings, the investigation organ to unusual affidavit, even illegal means to obtain confessions of criminal suspects, the subject of litigation is almost lost, personal rights are extremely easy to be infringed.
The second part discusses the value of investigative interrogation and perfect the system of interrogation in China. How to choose the value choice and design of a case can be found and identified, and do justice to protect the basic rights of individuals, the system of investigative interrogation and maximize the efficiency of litigation, is to a large extent the different value between the comprehensive judgment and weighing. Criminal interrogation as a part of criminal procedure, but also contains the intrinsic value, external value and efficiency value between the three values and the unity of opposites. Different choice of three kinds of value formed two completely different mode and system of Investigative Interrogation in civil law countries as the representative of authority and ask the correct interrogation system is to reflect the reality of interrogation mode, but it is easy to infringe the rights of suspects in Britain. Representative of the countries of the United States law system
The litigant interrogation model and the impeachment type interrogation system have a relatively pod individual price
Value, more can show the justice of the program, but the price can cause the ability to find out the truth of the case
And the reduction of the efficiency of the lawsuit. From the history of the development of the criminal procedure in the world
There is a trend of decline, and the trend of the litigant is obviously on the rise.
The investigation and interrogation system must adhere to the national conditions and draw on the rationality of the two legal systems from the values.
Factors, not only pay attention to entity truth and litigation efficiency, but also pay attention to the value of the process of interrogation.
In particular, we should cherish the due process principle of the litigant, and highlight the justice of the investigation and interrogation process.
Sex, a fair procedure for obtaining a fair fact, on the basis of procedural justice and substantive justice
Promote the efficiency of litigation.
Part three introduces the main contents of the modern investigation and interrogation system.
The system is to ensure the status of the subject of the criminal suspect and the statement of the suspect.
The desire for the core is to ensure the voluntary statement of the criminal suspect and make it rational.
The relevant laws of the world and the United Nations have set up a series of safeguards.
To include the right to silence the suspect; the right to ask the lawyer to be present at the time of interrogation; to interrogate
The method, time, place, restriction of conditions, etc.
In the fourth part, some thoughts on improving the interrogation system in China are discussed.
To perfect the current criminal investigation and interrogation system in our country, we must fully consider the social security and punishment of our country
The present situation of judicature, following the international standard of criminal justice, insisting on the minimum procedure public
First, we should establish an arbitrary standard of confession and the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence.
The system of restricting the right to silence. The establishment of this system in China is the need to meet the international standards and is a defense.
The need for the mechanism of litigation is the inevitable extension of the principle of presumption of innocence and the suppression of extorting the confession by torture.
The effective means to prevent the investigator from abusing the power of investigation. At present, China has established a limited establishment.
The political, economic, and legal conditions of making the right to silence should be built from the perspective of law and technology.
The contents of the right to restrict silence should be specified. Secondly, the supervision of investigation and interrogation should be strengthened.
The offense in the interrogation is largely due to the lack of necessary supervision.
For this reason, this article suggests two catties from giving counsel to the defence counsel to interrogate the right to present and to strengthen procuratorial supervision
To strengthen the supervision of the investigation and interrogation, and to strengthen the importance of these two supervision clearly.
It is necessary to make clear the specific contents of the two supervision.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D918.5

【引证文献】