老年人笔迹鉴定研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 20:09

本文关键词： 老年人笔迹鉴定特点检验要点　出处：《西南政法大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 世界人口老龄化发展的历史表明,人口老龄化对人类社会生活的各个方面都会产生重大的影响。在经济领域,人口老龄化将对经济增长、储蓄、投资与消费、劳动力市场、养老金、税收等方面产生较为严重的冲击。在社会方面,人口老龄化将影响社会福利、医疗制度、家庭结构以及生活安排、住房和迁移。在政治文化方面,人口老龄化也会在政治制度、思想观念、传统文化等方面有不同程度的影响。同时,随着我国人口老龄化的发展,在民事纠纷、经济合同纠纷、遗产继承纠纷方面,以及在特定的刑事案件中涉及老年人笔迹的鉴定日益增多。因此,研究老年人笔迹特征、笔迹变化的规律以及老年人笔迹检验鉴定的方法具有很强的理论指导意义和应用价值。鉴于老年人笔迹鉴定是当前文件鉴定工作的难点,而且在理论和实践方面涉足研究的为数不多,因此,本文在大量统计分析研究的基础之上,对老年人笔迹鉴定的相关问题进行了全面系统的论述。本篇论文一共分为四部分,全文共三万四千余字。笔者从老年人笔迹鉴定的意义、研究现状和科学依据谈起,运用实证的研究方法,对三百多份老年人的笔迹样本进行了分析比较,总结了其书写特点,并与其他几种笔迹进行了比较,在此基础上,论述了老年人笔迹鉴定的方法。第一部分是老年人笔迹鉴定概述部分,主要说明了研究老年人笔迹鉴定的意义、老年人笔迹鉴定的研究现状以及老年人笔迹鉴定的科学依据三个方面的问题。随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,涉及老年人的诉讼争议越来越多,有关老年人的笔迹鉴定结论已经成为解决这类诉讼争议的关键证据,因此,老年人笔迹鉴定的研究成为必要。在老年人笔迹鉴定的科学依据部分,笔者首先进行了老年人的年龄段划分,提出在老年人笔迹鉴定中,应该在以老年人岁序年龄为基础的同时,更多的考虑老年人的生物年龄。第二部分重点论述了老年人笔迹的特点。主要从老年人笔迹特点形成的原因、老年人笔迹特点的统计分析和老年人笔迹特点的规律表现三个方面进行具体阐述。老年人笔迹特点的形成原因主要包括生理原因和心理原因。生理方面的原因包括老年人书写动作系统的生理变化,此系统包括骨、关节和肌肉的老化,老年人神经系统的老化,老年人书写活动生理机能的整体协调性的老化。心理方面的原因主要包括听觉和视觉感受性降低和老年人记忆力下降两方面。笔者在分析了老年人笔迹形成的原因之后,通过统计分析研究,对老年人的笔迹特点从横向、纵向以及病理三大方面作了统计分析,最后得出老年人笔迹的特点。在进行统计分析时,笔者把收集的老年人书写的实验样本按照50-60岁、60-70岁、70岁以上三个不同年龄阶段进行分类,并依据笔迹的一般状况变化征象和书写运笔动作变化征象进行分析,然后根据分析结果又对60-70岁和70岁以上的老年人依据不同的文化层次进行统计分析。本部分具有一定的实践意义,表现在本部分运用实证的研究方法,通过统计分析所收集的材料,运用统计数据,并配以大量的图片,客观全面的阐述了老年人笔迹的特点,为今后文件检验工作者更好更全面的把握老年人笔迹特点提供了参考。第三部分介绍了老年人笔迹与几种常见笔迹的区别。在笔迹鉴定实践中,老年人笔迹与摹仿笔迹、左手伪装笔迹所表现出来的笔迹特征常有混淆,正是因为我们对这三者之间的笔迹特点和规律的认识不足,在鉴定中常给鉴定人带来诸多的困惑,导致难以下结论甚至作出错误的判断。因此,在本部分中,对老年人笔迹与摹仿笔迹、与左手伪装笔迹进行了系统的比较,以期为笔迹鉴定工作带来实践指导意义。同时,在本部分中,还探索性的比较了老年人笔迹与心情紧张状态下、醉酒状态下、与精神病患者书写字迹的区别,希望为今后笔迹鉴定工作中遇到的问题提供参考。第四部分是本篇论文的核心部分,主要论述了老年人笔迹鉴定的方法要点。本部分根据笔迹鉴定的程序,从以下六个方面进行论述:1.准确识别检材笔迹的性质;2.分析检材与样本的鉴定条件;3.分析确定老年笔迹特征;4.比较笔迹特征的异同;5.系统的综合评断作出鉴定结论;6.老年人笔迹检案举例。在准确识别老年笔迹的性质这一部分主要对老年人书写的正常笔迹、老年人书写的变化笔迹、老年人的伪装笔迹进行了分析。在分析检材与样本的鉴定条件部分包括对检材可检验性的价值分析和对样本可比性的价值分析两部分。在分析确定老年笔迹特征部分主要包括四方面内容:分析确定老年人笔迹特征系统的基础、对老年人检材笔迹特征的选择确定方法、对老年人样本笔迹特征的选择确定方法、在选择老年人笔迹特征中应该注意的问题。比较笔迹特征的异同部分从比较老年人笔迹一般状况特征、书写动作局部特征和按特征组进行全面的比较三个方面进行了论述。系统的评断作出鉴定结论包括对老年人笔迹特征差异点性质的评断、对老年人笔迹符合点的价值评断以及对符合点和差异点的综合评断。本部分的学术价值在于在一定程度上系统全面的分析了老年人笔迹鉴定的一般方法要点以及在鉴定中应当注意的问题。现实价值在于为文件检验工作者提供了老年人笔迹鉴定中具体的操作方法。本部分的创新点在于在分析确定老年笔迹特征这一部分中,提出了从四个方面系统的考虑确定老年人的笔迹特征,这四方面包括老年人的动态笔迹特征和静态笔迹特征、老年人的显性笔迹特征和隐性笔迹特征、老年人的固有笔迹特征和附加笔迹特征、老年人的稳定笔迹特征和变化笔迹特征。
[Abstract]:In the economic sphere , the aging of the population will have a serious impact on the economic growth , saving , investment and consumption , labor market , pensions , taxation , etc . In the social sphere , the aging of the population will affect social welfare , medical system , family structure and living arrangement , housing and migration . In terms of political culture , the aging of the population will have different influence on political system , ideology , traditional culture and so on . At the same time , with the development of population aging in our country , in civil disputes , economic contract disputes , inheritance disputes of inheritance , and the identification of the handwriting of the elderly in the specific criminal cases , it is of great theoretical significance and application value to study the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting , the changes of handwriting and the methods for the identification of the handwriting of the elderly . Because the identification of the handwriting of the elderly is a difficult problem in the current document identification , and there are only a few of the research in theory and practice , this paper makes a comprehensive systematic exposition of the problems related to the identification of the elderly ' s handwriting on the basis of a great deal of statistical analysis . This thesis is divided into four parts , which is divided into four parts : the significance , the research situation and the scientific basis of the identification of the handwriting of the old people . The author makes an analysis and comparison on the handwriting samples of more than 300 elderly people , summarizes the writing characteristics and compares them with other kinds of handwriting . On the basis of this , the methods of handwriting identification for the elderly are discussed . The first part is an overview of the identification of the elderly ' s handwriting , which mainly explains the significance of the study on the identification of the handwriting of the elderly , the current situation of the identification of the handwriting of the elderly and the scientific basis for the identification of the handwriting of the elderly . The second part focuses on the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting . The main reasons include physiological and psychological reasons . The reasons include the aging of the bones , joints and muscles , the aging of the old people ' s nervous system , the aging of the old people ' s nervous system and the aging of the physiological functions of the elderly . This part has some practical significance , shows in this part to use the empirical research method , through statistical analysis the material collected , use statistics , and match with a large number of pictures , objectively and comprehensively the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting , provide reference for the future document inspector to grasp the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting better and more comprehensively . In the third part , the differences between the handwriting of the old people and the common handwriting are introduced . In the practice of handwriting identification , the handwriting of the old people is often confused with the handwriting characters of the imitation handwriting and the left hand camouflage handwriting . In the present part , the writer compares the handwriting of the old people with the imitation handwriting , and makes a systematic comparison with the handwriting of the left hand . Therefore , in the present part , the differences between the handwriting of the old people and the writing handwriting of the psychotic patients are compared with the handwriting of the mentally ill patients in the present part , and the writer hopes to provide a reference for the problems encountered in the future handwriting identification work . The fourth part is the core part of this thesis , mainly discusses the main points of the method of handwriting identification in the elderly . The academic value of this part is to systematically analyze the main points of the general method for the identification of the old people ' s handwriting and the problems that should be paid attention to in the appraisal . The practical value lies in providing the document checker with the specific operation method in the identification of the old people ' s handwriting .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D918.92

【引证文献】