人身损害赔偿诉讼中司法鉴定调查分析

发布时间：2018-02-09 22:20

本文关键词： 调查分析人身损害司法鉴定　出处：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2005年10月1日,《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》施行,司法鉴定职责最终归位于社会鉴定机构,这是司法改革的一项里程碑式进步。制度运行至今逾六年,其积极作用勿容置疑,但在人身损害赔偿诉讼方面,暴露出许多缺陷,使得司法鉴定成为诉讼焦点、难点和怨点,偏离了程序的正常价值轨道。本文以台州市椒江区人民法院近三年民事审判数据、案例为调研对象,分析人身损害赔偿诉讼中当事人在司法鉴定程序上的耗时、耗费及鉴定价值等,查找程序缺陷,探究原因,提出完善制度的若干构想。本文先通过统计分析方式,分析椒江法院人身损害赔偿案件审理中司法鉴定程序存在的弊端,再从点到面,运用实证分析法,剖析我国现行人身损害司法鉴定制度在立法层面的缺陷和司法实践中存在的问题,提出解决方案。文章主体分四大部分。第一章是对椒江法院人身损害司法鉴定情况的调查。调查科目设置为司法鉴定案件占比、个案鉴定时间、鉴定费用和鉴定认定的不合理医疗费用情况,调查数据采取列表方式比较分析,数据显示,在人身损害赔偿诉讼中,当前的司法鉴定程序于效益于公正均有着明显的阻滞作用,折射出的问题有司法鉴定使用过度、鉴定占时过长、鉴定费支出过多、经鉴定认定为不合理的医疗费过多等等。第二章我国人身损害司法鉴定制度沿革。介绍我国人身损害司法鉴定制度经历职能部门多头管理阶段、混合管理阶段和统一管理阶段三个阶段,现状是愈发出现鉴定启动无序、鉴定实施费时、鉴定费用居高、鉴定公信力衰减、鉴定过度及鉴定质证、认证困难等问题。第三章我国人身损害司法鉴定制度的缺陷及原因。从立法层面分析《决定》存在的缺陷：没有对司法鉴定启动制度作出规定、鉴定人出庭作证规定过于简单、没有建立统一的司法鉴定标准、对鉴定人权利重视不够、鉴定结论的认证规定不够具体；再从司法实践层面实证分析存在的问题,包括司法鉴定管理仍处于无序局面、司法鉴定的启动程序操作不规范、重复鉴定、多头鉴定问题突出、司法鉴定从业人员良莠不齐、鉴定机构的收费无统一标准、鉴定人出庭率极低等。上述问题产生的原因分析认为有以下四项,即立法不够完善、鉴定人和法官的惰性和懈怠、鉴定人鉴定机构及当事人趋利、鉴定人受人情左右等。第四章完善人身损害司法鉴定制度的构想。作者对两大法系的民事司法鉴定制度进行了比较,启示是我们在借鉴、移植的时候,没有全面、系统地分析研究如何完善自身法律体系,致使相关制度不配套,理念和具体规定脱节。提出重构人身损害司法鉴定制度的价值取向,在此基础上大胆地提出完善我国人身损害司法鉴定制度的八大设想,内容是制定专门统一的司法鉴定法律、规范管理鉴定机构和鉴定人、完善鉴定人出庭质证制度、、严格启动复核或重新鉴定程序、规范司法鉴定收费标准、完善认证规则、实行鉴定过错责任追究和保障制度及实行综合治理,停止医疗费用、误工时间合理性的鉴定项目。
[Abstract]:In October 1, 2005, < > decision of the National People's Congress Standing Committee on the management of judicial authentication, judicial identification responsibility is ultimately returned to the social appraisal institutions, this is a milepost type progress in judicial reform. The system has been running for more than six years, its positive role undoubtedly, but in the personal injury compensation lawsuit, exposure a lot of defects, the judicial identification has become the focus of litigation, difficulty and resentment, deviate from the normal values of track program. This paper takes Taizhou District of Jiaojiang City People's court for nearly three years of civil trial data, the case as the research object, analysis of personal injury compensation lawsuit parties in judicial authentication procedure on time, cost and identification value, find the procedure defects and explore the reasons, put forward some ideas to improve the system.
In this paper, through statistical analysis, the existing problems of the Jiaojiang court hearing the case of personal injury compensation in the judicial authentication procedure, then from the point to the surface, by using empirical analysis method, analysis of our current personal injury judicial identification system exists in the legislation defects and problems in the judicial practice, put forward the main solutions. Divided into four parts.
The first chapter is the investigation of the Jiaojiang court of personal injury judicial identification case. Investigation subjects set to judicial identification case accounting, case identification time, unreasonable medical expenses that appraisal fees and identification, take a list of survey data comparison, data show that in the litigation for compensation of personal injury, the current judicial authentication procedure the benefits for a fair and have obvious retarding effects, reflecting the problems of forensic identification for the use of excessive, too long, the appraisal fee paid too much, identified as unreasonable medical cost too much.
The second chapter of our personal injury judicial identification system. Introduce our personal injury judicial identification institution has experienced long management stage, mixed management and unified management of the three stage, the status quo is increasingly appeared identification of disorder, identification of the implementation time, the high cost of identification, identification of the credibility of identification and identification of excessive attenuation. Cross examination, authentication problems.
The defect and reason of the third chapter of our personal injury judicial identification system. Analysis of defects existing > < decision from the legislative level: no provision for starting system of judicial identification, expert testimony provisions are too simple, without the establishment of judicial appraisal standard, do not pay enough attention to the identification of human rights, the conclusion of identification certification provisions is not enough concrete; then analyzes the existing problems from the level of judicial practice including empirical, judicial appraisal management is still in the disordered situation, judicial identification startup operation is not standardized, repeat identification, multiple identification problems, our method of identification of practitioners uneven in quality the charge of Identification Organization, no unified standard, appraiser rate is extremely low. The reason for these problems the analysis considers the following four items, namely, the legislation is not perfect, the identification and judges of the inert and slack, authenticators institutions and parties benefit, discrimination A person is affected by human feelings.
The fourth chapter perfecting personal injury judicial system. The author makes a comparison of civil judicial appraisal system of the two legal systems, we draw inspiration, transplant, there is no comprehensive and systematic analysis on how to improve its legal system, the system is not complete, from the concept and the specific stipulation. The value orientation is put forward the reconstruction of personal injury judicial identification system, on the basis of boldly put forward eight strategies to improve our personal injury judicial system and judicial identification of special legal content is developed and unified, standardized management of forensic institutions and experts, to improve the examination system, appraiser, strict start review or re identification procedures, specifications the judicial authentication fees, improve the certification rules, the identification of fault responsibility and security system and implement the comprehensive management of medical expenses, stop time, error of rationality Identify the project.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D918.9

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