论强制侦查法定主义

发布时间：2018-02-09 23:32

本文关键词： 强制侦查法定主义侦查程序　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 根据侦查行为是否由相对人自愿配合为前提可以将侦查行为分为强制侦查和任意侦查。强制侦查指为了收集或保全犯罪证据、查获犯罪嫌疑人而通过强制方法对相对人进行的侦查,如强制到案(拘留、逮捕)、搜查、扣押、监听、强制提取体液样品等等。由于强制侦查制度本身的特点,如果其被滥用,就会成为侵犯公民人身权、财产权以及隐私权等权利的工具。因此,为了防止刑事强制措施的滥用、保护犯罪嫌疑人的各项权利,强制侦查法定主义便应运而生。本文正是通过对强制侦查法定主义原则的全面考察,希望为我国的侦查程序改革提出一些有用的建议。本文由导言、正文和结语组成,其中正文分为五部分进行论述。第一部分论述的是强制侦查法定主义的基本内涵。首先,在考查了侦查的概念之后,对强制侦查和任意侦查的概念进行了进一步的分析。其次,在明确了强制侦查的概念之后,引出了强制侦查法定主义的概念,并介绍了不同国家强制侦查法定主义所遵循的几种原则:任意侦查原则、强制侦查法定原则和相应性原则(又称必要性原则或比例原则)。第二部分论述的是强制侦查法定主义的理论基础。具体说来,强制侦查法定主义的理论基础主要可以概括为五项:人权保障的理念、程序正义的理论、权力制衡的理论、司法审查原则和遵守国际法的要求。第三部分论述的是国外强制侦查法定主义的现状。该部分不拘泥于从两大法系对比的角度来研究西方国家强制侦查法治主义的问题,而是从侵犯人身权的强制侦查、侵犯财产权的强制侦查和侵犯隐私权的强制侦查三个方面来研究论述该问题.其中,侵犯人身权的强制侦查又可分为强制到案、讯问嫌疑人和审前羁押;侵犯财产权的强制侦查主要体现为搜查和扣押;侵犯隐私权的强制侦查体现为监听。第四部分论述的是我国强制侦查悖离法定主义的具体表现及原因。首先,该部分简要论述了我国强制侦查的现状。其次,该部分论述了我国现实生活中存在的强制侦查悖离法治精神的问题。主要表现为超期羁押严重、留置盘问随意性强、牵涉隐私权的强制侦查缺乏严肃性、监视居住缺乏规范性、刑讯逼供屡禁不止、取保候审缺乏严肃性。最后,该部分分析了我国强制侦查悖离法定主义的原因,即刑事诉讼价值观念的错位和侦查构造模式的不合理。第五部分论述的是强制侦查法定主义与我国侦查程序改革。该部分从完善法定强制措施体系、侦查权与羁押权分离、强制到案与羁押权分离、建立强制侦查司法审查制度、遏制刑讯逼供、建立保释制度几个方面对我国的侦查程序改革提出了相应的建议。
[Abstract]:According to the investigation whether the relative voluntarily match the premise of investigation can be divided into compulsory investigation and arbitrary investigation. Mandatory investigation refers to the collection or preservation of criminal evidence investigation, criminal suspects and seized by compulsory means relative to the custody (such as detention, arrest, search, seizure, monitoring), forced extraction fluid samples and so on. Because of the characteristics of the compulsory investigation system itself, if it is abused, it will become the infringement of citizens' personal rights, property rights and privacy rights tools. Therefore, in order to prevent the abuse of criminal coercive measures, to protect the rights of criminal suspects, the statutory mandatory investigation came into being. This article is through a comprehensive study on the mandatory investigation legal doctrine, hope to put forward some useful suggestions for China's reform of the procedure of investigation.
This article is composed of the introduction, the main body and the conclusion, and the text is divided into five parts.
The first part discusses the basic concept of the statutory mandatory investigation. Firstly, after the examination of the concept of the investigation, the concept of mandatory investigation and arbitrary investigation are further analyzed. Secondly, after defining the concepts of compulsory investigation, concept leads to the statutory mandatory investigation, and introduces several principles in different countries mandatory investigation legal doctrine follows: arbitrary detection principle, the principle of mandatory legal investigation and the corresponding principles (also known as the principle of necessity or proportionality principle).
The second part introduces the theoretical basis of the statutory mandatory investigation. Specifically, the theoretical basis of the statutory mandatory investigation can be summarized as the following five: the idea of human rights protection, procedural justice theory, the balance of power theory, the principle of judicial review and compliance with the requirements of international law.
The third part is to discuss the current situation of foreign compulsory legal doctrine. This part is not used to study western countries from the perspective of the two law schools of compulsory investigation of the rule of law, but the compulsory investigation from the violation of human rights, three aspects of Compulsory Investigative compulsory investigation of violations of property rights and privacy to study the issue. The mandatory investigation of violation of human rights can be divided into custody, detention and interrogation of suspects before trial; mandatory investigation of violations of property rights be divided into search and seizure; mandatory investigation of the violation of privacy is eavesdropping.
The fourth part introduces the specific performance and reasons of China's compulsory investigation deviating from legal doctrine. Firstly, this part briefly discusses the current situation of China's compulsory investigation. Secondly, this part discusses the reality of life in China compulsory investigation deviating from the spirit of the rule of law. Mainly for the serious extended detention, detention at random, the mandatory investigation involving privacy lack of seriousness, residential surveillance is lack of standardization, inquisition by torture repeated bail, the lack of seriousness. Finally, this part analyzes China's compulsory investigation deviating from legal reasons, including misplaced criminal values and unreasonable detect tectonic model.
The fifth part introduces the mandatory investigation legal doctrine and the reform of investigation procedure in our country. This part from perfecting the system of legal coercive measures, the separation of the power of investigation and custody, custody and custody rights, establish the judicial review system, to curb the inquisition by torture, the establishment of bail system and puts forward the corresponding suggestions to China the reform of the procedure of investigation.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D918

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