警察体制改革的思考

发布时间：2018-02-26 13:37

本文关键词： 警察体制改革警察编制法治集权与分权　出处：《郑州大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：警察体制是一个国家关于警察机构的设置、管理权限的划分以及警察编制确定的制度。警察体制的设计是否科学合理直接决定警察权运行的结果。我国的警察体制以公安机关为中心，所以本文对警察体制的研究以公安机关的研究为主。我国公安体制是我们党在长期的实践过程中逐渐摸索，适应当时的历史条件发展起来的。经过半个世纪的演变和改进，于上世纪80年代中期正式形成“统一领导，分级管理，条块结合，以块为主”的颇具中国特色的体制模式。这种警察体制形成于社会主义从计划经济向市场经济转型时期，对于确保党对警察工作的绝对领导，保证政令、警令畅通，落实警察工作属地管理原则，充分发挥地方党委、政府维护社会治安工作的主动性、积极性等方面起到了重要作用。但是，随着国家经济、政治体制改革的深入发展，特别是社会主义市场经济建立并正常运转，依法治国方略确立以后，作为国家行政管理体制重要组成部分的警察管理体制，越来越不适应形势和任务发展的要求。而此时，西方法治国家警务发展已经经历四次革命，各国都努力构建精干高效、机构合理，集权与分权相结合的法治型警察体制。与之相比，，我国警察体制的各种弊端更显突出：中央指挥不足，政令不畅，地方公安机关受控有余，自身职能难以有效发挥；公安机关职权多元，权力滥用混用现象严重，侵犯人权事件屡有发生，刑事职业化建设进展缓慢，警察职能无限扩大化；警察机构设置过多过细，机关化倾向突出，警力配置不尽合理：机关人浮于事，基层警力不足，公安机关的整体战斗力低下。所以，警察体制改革势在必行。警察体制改革是社会发展规律的必然要求，西方法治国家改革的成功经验值得借鉴，但是我国警察体制改革必须从我国的具体国情出发，遵循我国政治体制改革和经济体制改革的总体目标，坚持党的领导和法治原则，以西方第三、四次警务革命警务装备的现代化、警察的职业化、警务社区化理念和权力的合理界定与行使以及现代管理科学理论为理论基础，通过以下三个方面的改革，建立法治型警察体制：首先，①明确界定警察职权范围，建立完善的警察监督机制；②实行司法警察和治安警察分设，实现两权分离；③剥离公安机关劳动教养的审批权和看守所的监管权，明确警务中的事权划分，实现分权制衡。
[Abstract]:The police system is a country on the police mechanism, determine the division of the administrative power and police organization system. The design of the police system is scientific and reasonable directly determine the result of the police administration. China's police system to the public security organs as the center, so the police system research for the public security organs.
China's public security system is our party gradually worked in the long-term practice, developed to adapt to the prevailing historical conditions. After half a century of development and improvement, in the last century, the mid 80s officially formed a unified leadership, classification management, integrated system model, as a Chinese this characteristic. The police system is formed in the transformation from planned economy to socialist market economy, to ensure the absolute leadership of the party, to ensure police work order, police make smooth implementation of territorial management, police work principle, give full play to the initiative of Party committee, government to maintain social order, enthusiasm has played an important role. But with the further development of the national economy, and the reform of the political system, especially the establishment of the socialist market economy and the normal operation, after the establishment of the rule of law, as the State Administration The management system is an important part of police management system, more and more can not adapt to the situation and tasks of development. At the same time, the development of western countries has experienced four revolutions of police, all efforts to build efficient, reasonable mechanism of rule of law, the police system combining centralization and decentralization. In contrast, all the disadvantages of the police system China's more prominent: the central command, the decree is not smooth, the local public security organs controlled more than, its function is difficult to effectively; the public security organs Authority yuan, abuse of power phenomenon serious human rights violations occur frequently, criminal occupation construction progress slow, unlimited expansion of the functions of the police; police agencies set up too much too small the tendency of police organs, prominent, irrational allocation of authority: the lack of basic level police, more personnel than work available, the public security organs of the overall combat effectiveness is low. So, the police system reform Be imperative.
Police reform is the inevitable requirement of the law of social development, the successful experience of national reform of western law is worth learning, but the reform of police in our country must proceed from China's specific national conditions, follow the overall goal of China's political system reform and the reform of the economic system, adhere to the leadership of the party and the principle of the rule of law in the west, the third, fourth policing revolution the modernization of police equipment, police occupation, community policing concept and power and reasonable definition of exercise and the modern scientific management theory as the theoretical basis, through the following three aspects of the reform, construction of police system governance legislation:
First of all, the definition of the purview of the police, to establish and perfect the supervision mechanism of the judicial police; the police and the public security police set up, realize the separation of the two rights; the public security organs stripped of reeducation through labor right of approval and detention in police custody, clear division of powers, the separation of powers.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D631.1

【引证文献】