试论职务犯罪侦查权

发布时间：2018-03-12 06:26

本文选题：侦查　切入点：侦查权　出处：《华东政法学院》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 我国的刑事诉讼程序框架中,侦查与起诉、审判成为刑事诉讼程序的三大重要阶段之一。我国现行宪法及法律规定,检察机关行使职务犯罪侦查权,对贪污贿赂及渎职侵权等职务犯罪进行侦查。当前,我国法律理论界对于检察职务犯罪侦查权存在着较大的争议,同时在检察机关的职务犯罪侦查权的行使过程中也存在着许多立法上、制度上或司法实践上的问题。正确科学认识和合理配置我国的职务犯罪侦查权,对于检察机关正确行使职务犯罪侦查权,严肃查办贪污贿赂等严重职务犯罪,推进我国的反腐败斗争的深入开展,具有极其重要的现实意义。本文分四章对我国的职务犯罪侦查权进行了较为系统和全面的论述,正文共计30000余字。要研究我国的职务犯罪侦查权问题,对其法律属性的认识是必须首先解决的前提之一。侦查在刑事诉讼程序中的地位决定了侦查权的法律属性,而侦查权的法律属性也决定着侦查权之运行规律。我国学界对侦查权的概念及其法律属性存在着不同的观点,有行政权说、司法权说和双重属性说。同样,学界对职务犯罪侦查权的法律属性的认识,也存在着行政权说、监督权说和司法权说的不同观点。笔者认为,关于侦查权的法律属性认识,应立足于本土法律制度和司法实践,从侦查权在刑事诉讼程序的角度,分析其诉讼功能及法律地位。我国职务犯罪侦查权的实质仍属于侦查权,同属于司法权,与公安机关的刑事侦查权并无二致。当然,在立足本土法律理论和基本国情的前提下,应坚持为我所用、有所取舍地利用和借鉴世界各国(地区)的有益经验及成果。综观世界上多数国家和地区,主要是通过检察机关行使,或主导职务犯罪侦查权,充分发挥了检察机关的在反腐败斗争中的重要作用;或是设立专门的独立性的反腐败机构。但各类职务犯罪侦查机构的共同特征是专门性、独立性及权威性。笔者通过各国制度的介绍和评析,以期拓展本文论述的视野和角度,也希望籍此了解更多的域外理论知识和研究成果。笔者结合相关资料的收集或查阅,介绍了我国职务犯罪侦查权的历史演变及现状。从司法实践的视角和初步认识,分析了我国职务犯罪侦查权制度存在的主要问题:首先是缺乏应有的司法独立性,法律规定的检察机关独立司法原则并未得到落实;其次,侦查机构的设置缺乏专门性、统一性,侦查观念、侦查能力和侦查水平不适应侦查工作需要;反腐败机构缺乏权威性和法律威慑力;同时,职务犯罪侦查权缺乏有效的监督制约机制,包括对立案、侦查措施、审查起诉的审查监督不够,尤其是强制措施司法审查制度的缺失,往往导致侦查活动中违法取证、非法搜查、侵犯人权等现象的发生。我国职务犯罪侦查权的合理配置及司法控制方面,笔者主要结合我国侦查学理论及司法实践经验,提出解决当前职务犯罪侦查权专门立法、机构配置、司法控制、监督制约问题和司法实践困境的途径和设想。主要包括:立足本土法制传统和现行宪政、法律框架,选择适合我国国情的职务犯罪侦查权制度的方向;加强和完善我国职务犯罪侦查权的合理配置,建立适合的职务犯罪侦查权司法控制体系和机制;改革和完善职务犯罪侦查权的监督制约机制,充分发挥律师在侦查阶段的监督制约作用,实现公平、公正司法和保障人权的统一。
[Abstract]:In China's criminal procedure frame, investigation and prosecution, the trial has become one of the three important stages of criminal proceedings. In our current constitution and law, the procuratorial organs to exercise the right of investigation of official offence, to investigate the official corruption and malfeasance and other crimes. When ago, China's legal theory exists the dispute regarding the right of investigation of official offence, and the procuratorial organs in the exercise of the right of investigation of official offence there are many legislation, system or judicial practice problems. The correct scientific understanding and rational allocation of our power to investigate the duty crime and procuratorial organs to correct exercise of the right of investigation of official offence, serious investigation the corruption and bribery and other serious crimes, promote China's anti-corruption struggle, has extremely important practical significance. This paper is divided into four chapters on China's duty crime investigation A more systematic and comprehensive discussion is carried out, with more than 30000 words in the text.
The duty crime detection power problems to study China's understanding of its legal attribute is the premise of legal status of property investigation in criminal proceedings determines the power of investigation, and the legal attribute of the right of investigation also determines the operation rules of the investigative right. I Ancient Chinese Literature Search circles on the concept of the investigative right and the attribute of law, there are different views, with administrative power, judicial power and the double attribute. Similarly, academic understanding of the duty crime investigation of the legal attribute, there are different views of the executive power, supervision power and judicial power. The author believes that the legal attribute of the right to know about the investigation. Should be based on the local legal system and judicial practice, the right of investigation from the perspective of criminal proceedings, to analyze the function of litigation and legal status. The right of investigation of official offence in our country still belongs to the right of investigation, belong to judicial power The public security organ, and the criminal investigation power is the same.
Of course, in the premise of theory based on local law and the basic conditions, should insist to use, have a choice to use and reference to other countries (regions) of the useful experience and results. In most countries and regions in the world, is mainly exercised by the procuratorial organs, or the leading right of investigation of official offence, give full play to the important role in anti corruption in the procuratorial organs; or the establishment of anti-corruption agencies independence. But the common characteristics of various types of special duty crime investigation agency is specialized, independent and authoritative. The author states the introduction and evaluation of the systems, in order to expand the vision and perspective, also hope to learn more foreign theoretical knowledge and research results.
The author of the collection of related data access, introduces the historical evolution and current situation of duty crime investigation right in our country. And the preliminary understanding from the angle of view of judicial practice, analyzes the main problems of duty crime investigation rights system in China: the first is the lack of judicial independence, the law of the procuratorial organ judicial independence principle is not to be implemented; secondly, the lack of special investigation agencies, unity, concept of investigation, investigation ability and investigation level does not meet the investigation needs; anti-corruption institutions lack of authority and legal deterrence; at the same time, the duty crime detection power the lack of effective supervision and restriction mechanism, including the filing, investigation measures, examination and prosecution the examination and supervision is not enough, especially the lack of coercive measures of judicial review system, often lead to illegal evidence, investigation activities in illegal search, violations of human rights and other phenomena.
The rational allocation of judicial control and occupational crime investigation power in our country, the author mainly with China's investigative theory and judicial practice, put forward to solve the current job-related crimes investigation of the right configuration, special legislation, judicial control, ways and ideas of supervision problems and difficulties. The judicial practice mainly includes: Based on the local tradition and current legal system the constitutional and legal framework, selection for our duty crime investigation system of the right direction; to strengthen and improve the reasonable allocation of the duty crime investigation right of our country, the establishment of job-related crimes investigation of the right to judicial control system and mechanism for the reform and perfection of the duty crime investigation; the supervision mechanism, give full play to achieve fairness in law restriction, supervision at the stage of investigation, judicial justice and protection of human rights.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D918;D926.3

【引证文献】