摩托车交通事故损伤特征和法医学应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 20:18

本文选题：摩托车交通事故　切入点：损伤特征　出处：《昆明医学院》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目的：研究摩托车交通事故伤亡的流行病学特点和损伤特征；探讨摩托车交通事故受伤人员死亡和伤残的影响历素，分析受伤人员的伤情鉴定、伤残评定和后期医疗费用特点及相关因素，为预防、控制道路交通事故、创伤急救和法医学应用提供依据。方法：采用医学统计学方法和法医学技术对2004年和2005年昆明地区摩托车道路交通事故365例伤亡的法医学鉴定资料进行系统性分析研究。结果：本组365例摩托车交通事故案例中男女比例为4.14：1，，年龄呈偏态分布，21～40岁占伤亡人数的62.7％。职业分布以农民最多。事故发生的时间分布19～0时最高，占36.4％。货车在肇事车辆中的构成比最大，肇事方式以机动车与摩托车相撞为主，事故方向多为相向所致。伤亡人员中，摩托车驾驶员最多。死亡原因以颅脑损伤多见；损伤多由碰撞和摔跌形成，损伤部位呈离心性分布。损伤程度以轻伤为主，头面部的损伤率在重伤中高于轻伤和轻微伤，重伤在老年人中的构成比高于中青年人和少年儿童。伤残评定结果中，Ⅸ级-Ⅹ级占87.6％。后期费用主要集中在2千元～4千元，其次为6千～8千元。住院时间为15-30天所占比例最高；伤残评定时间主要分布在伤后3～6个月。摩托车驾驶员年龄分布呈偏态，众数25岁，21岁-40岁占69.8％。摩托车驾驶员的死亡率和伤残率最高。胸部、腹盆部、会阴、手背和大腿内侧的损伤率高于摩托车乘员。损伤程度以轻伤多见，伤残程度以X级居多。摩托车交通事故中死亡的相关因素依次为颅脑损伤、碾压伤和胸廓骨折；伤残的相关因素为腹盆部损伤、颅脑损伤、下肢骨折和上肢骨折。结论：摩托车交通事故受伤害人群以中青年为主，致死致残率高，事故时间以19～0时最多，1～6时事故的死率最高。摩托车驾乘人员是最主要的受害者，机动车驾驶员最少。肇事方式以机动车与摩托车为主。不同交通方式人员的损伤分布总体有差异。损伤程度以轻伤为主，随着年龄的增大，重伤的发生率也逐步增大。伤残程度以轻度伤残为主，老年人的伤残率高于中青年人和少年儿童。胸部、腹盆部、会阴部和上、下肢的损伤是摩托车驾驶员较为特征性的损伤。摩托车交通事故中死亡与颅脑损伤、碾压伤和胸廓骨折相关性较大；伤残与腹盆部损伤、颅脑损伤、下肢骨折和上肢骨折相关性较大。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics and injury characteristics of motorcycle traffic accident casualties, to explore the effects of death and disability on motorcycle traffic accident victims, and to analyze the identification of injury situation of the injured persons. The characteristics and related factors of disability assessment and later medical expenses, in order to prevent and control road traffic accidents, To provide evidence for trauma first aid and forensic application. Methods: the forensic identification data of 365 motorcycle traffic accidents in Kunming on 2004 and 2005 were systematically classified by medical statistics and forensic techniques. Results: the ratio of male to female was 4.14: 1 in 365 cases of motorcycle traffic accident. The age distribution was skewed. The age distribution was 21 40 years old, which accounted for 62.7% of the casualties. The occupation distribution was the most among the peasants. The time distribution of the accident was the highest from 19 to 0:00. The proportion of truck in the accident vehicle was the largest, the main way of the accident was the collision between the motor vehicle and the motorcycle, the direction of the accident was mostly caused by the opposite direction, among the casualties, the motorcycle driver was the most, and the cause of death was craniocerebral injury. The injury was mostly caused by collision and fall, and the location of the injury was eccentric. The degree of injury was mainly light injury, and the injury rate of head and face was higher than that of light injury and slight injury in serious injury. The composition ratio of serious injury in the elderly was higher than that in the middle and young people and children. In the disability assessment results, grade IX-X accounted for 87.66.The expenses in the later period were mainly 2,000 yuan ~ 4,000 yuan, followed by 6,000 ~ 8,000 yuan. The proportion of hospital stay was the highest in 15-30 days. The age distribution of motorcyclists was skewed, and 69.8% of them were aged from 21 to 40 years old. The mortality and disability rate of motorcycle drivers were the highest, chest, abdomen and pelvis, perineum, perineum and perineum. The injury rate of the inner side of the hand and thigh was higher than that of the motorcycle crew. The degree of injury was mostly light injury, and the degree of disability was mostly grade X. the related factors of death in motorcycle traffic accident were craniocerebral injury, crush injury and thoracic fracture. The related factors of disability were abdominal and pelvic injury, craniocerebral injury, lower limb fracture and upper limb fracture. The time of the accident was at most 1 ~ 6:00 from 19 to 0:00. The motorcyclists were the main victims. The driver of motor vehicle is the least. The main way of accident is motor vehicle and motorcycle. There are differences in the distribution of injuries among different traffic mode personnel. The degree of injury is mainly light injury, and with the increase of age, The incidence of serious injury also gradually increased. The degree of disability was mainly mild disability. The disability rate of the elderly was higher than that of the young and middle-aged people and children, the chest, abdomen and pelvis, perineum and upper, The injuries of lower limbs are characteristic injuries of motorcyclists. There is a great correlation between death and craniocerebral injury, crush injury and thoracic fracture in motorcycle traffic accident, injury of abdomen and pelvis, craniocerebral injury, injury of abdomen and pelvis, craniocerebral injury, injury of abdomen and pelvis. Lower extremity fracture and upper limb fracture are closely related.
【学位授予单位】：昆明医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D919.4

【引证文献】