躯干部有限元建模及钝力性损伤生物力学研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 12:59

本文选题：法医病理学　切入点：损伤生物力学　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的应用虚拟解剖三维重建方法及有限元法构建人体躯干部有限元模型并模拟钝力性损伤,分析生物力学指标的变化情况,以图、表及动画形式再现损伤过程,从受力-变形-损伤的角度研究人体胸廓、肝钝力性损伤的主要损伤机制,为人体损伤重建提供新的思路和可靠的技术手段,为法庭举证提供可视化的生物力学依据。方法对尸体躯干部进行多层螺旋CT扫描,使用有限元建模软件根据CT图像数据对躯干部不同结构进行三维重建并生成有限元模型,模型经验证后模拟胸廓右季肋部遭受速度为4m/s、6m/s与8m/s的钝性物体正面击打,分析胸廓受击打后的应力、应变分布情况；模拟右下腹部遭受速度为4m/s、5m/s、6m/s、7m/s与8m/s的前侧、右侧与后侧拳击,分析胸、腹壁软组织、胸廓及肝受击打后的生物力学响应情况,结合实际案例探索钝力性肝损伤的成伤机制。结果基于躯干部的CT扫描数据成功构建解剖学高仿真度的人体躯干部有限元模型,包括胸、腹壁软组织、胸廓、肝及胸、腹腔器官,模型体网格平均质量0.7。生物力学分析结果显示胸廓受击打后发生局部弯曲及整体变形,应力与应变产生于初始打击部位肋骨,后沿肋骨向两侧传播,并于肋骨后侧及近胸骨处集中,6m/s与8m/s的打击速度可造成打击部位肋骨应变值超出相应强度极限,发生骨折；拳击腹部致肝损伤的主要原因即为肝受到肋骨的直接撞击。肝的损伤程度与拳击方向相关,下腹部受到右侧拳击最易造成肝损伤,普通成年男性受到最低5m/s的右侧拳击时(动量为2.447kg. m/s)可致肝损伤,后侧拳击很难导致肝损伤。由于肝与肋骨具有不同的材料特性,拳击致肝损伤时可不伴有肋骨骨折。结论应用虚拟解剖和有限元方法能够建立符合真实情况的高质量的人体躯干部三维有限元模型,且模型可用于分析钝性外力作用下软组织、胸廓、内部器官等结构的生物力学响应情况,为钝力性躯干部损伤的成伤机制研究提供了新的途径和方法。
[Abstract]:Objective to construct the finite element model of human trunk and simulate blunt force injury by using virtual anatomy 3D reconstruction method and finite element method, and to analyze the changes of biomechanical indexes, and to reproduce the process of injury in the form of graph, table and animation. From the angle of force-deformation-injury, this paper studies the main injury mechanism of human chest and liver blunt force injury, which provides new ideas and reliable technical means for human body injury reconstruction, and provides visual biomechanical basis for court proof. Methods Multi-slice spiral CT scanning was performed on cadaver cadavers. Three dimensional reconstruction and generation of finite element models for different structures of cadavers were performed using finite element modeling software according to CT image data. The model was verified to simulate the frontal impact of blunt objects with a velocity of 4 m / s / s / 6 m / s and 8m/s, and to analyze the stress and strain distribution in the right lower abdomen at a speed of 4 m / s / s / 6 m / s and 6 m / s / 7 m / s, respectively, and to simulate the right lower abdomen being punched at a velocity of 4 m / s 5 m / s / s 6 m / s / 7 m / s with 8m/s, and right and back sides respectively. The biomechanical responses of chest, abdominal wall soft tissue, chest and liver were analyzed, and the injury mechanism of blunt force liver injury was explored in combination with practical cases. Results based on the CT scan data of trunk, the finite element model of human trunk was successfully constructed, including chest, abdominal wall soft tissue, chest, liver, chest and abdominal organs. The results of biomechanical analysis showed that local bending and global deformation occurred in the chest after hitting, and the stress and strain were produced in the initial impact part of the rib and propagated to both sides of the rib. The impact velocity of 6m / s and 8m/s at the posterior side of rib and near sternum can cause the strain value of the rib to exceed the corresponding strength limit and cause fracture. The main cause of liver injury caused by boxing abdomen is the direct impact of the ribs on the liver. The degree of liver injury is related to the direction of boxing, and the right side of the lower abdomen is the most likely to cause liver damage. Ordinary adult men can cause liver injury when they are punched on the right side of the lowest 5m/s (momentum is 2.447 kg 路m / s / s), but it is very difficult to cause liver injury in the rear side. Because the liver and rib have different material characteristics, the liver injury caused by boxing does not have rib fracture. Conclusion using virtual anatomy and finite element method, a high quality three-dimensional finite element model of human trunk can be established, and the model can be used to analyze soft tissue and chest under blunt external force. The biomechanical response of internal organs and other structures provides a new approach and method for the study of injury mechanism of blunt force trunk injury.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D919

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