公安消防部队承担政府综合应急救援职能研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 03:16

本文选题：公共安全　切入点：公安消防部队　出处：《上海交通大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国传统意义上的消防队伍是一支抗御火灾的专门力量。近年来,我国公安消防部队主动拓展职能,救难、救急,自觉承担灭火之外的、以抢救人员生命为主的抢险救援任务,实际已成为我国常态下应急救援的主力军。但是否将公安消防部队作为承担社会一般的、综合的应急救援组织,国家尚未完全明确。本文从公共管理、突发公共事件危机管理的视角,运用国内外相关资料,论述由公安消防部队承担政府综合应急救援职能的重要性、必要性和可行性。尝试为各级政府构建应急救援体系,加强应急救援队伍建设提供一点有益的借鉴与对策。本文共分绪论和一至五章。第一章介绍了我国公共危机管理的缘起和我国应急救援力量建设现状。公共安全是人类生存、发展始终面对的基本问题。我国历来是一个灾害多发的国家,近年来,我国进入社会转型期和矛盾凸显期,公共安全形势严峻。2003年“非典”之后,党中央、国务院高度重视突发公共事件的应急管理工作,提出了加速构建社会应急救援体系的要求。但是,由于目前我国突发公共事件应急救援力量分散于多个部门,没有真正建立统一的社会公共安全救援机制,加之各种灾害具有突发性、连锁性等特点,传统的“分地区、分部门、分灾种”的灾害应对机制暴露出的问题日益突出,已不能适应日渐增多的紧急突发事件处置的需要。由于职能交叉、部门分割、力量分散,难以形成统一有效的调度指挥,造成救援效能的低下。同时,诸多部门和类别的救援队伍建设还造成重复投资、大量人员和装备闲置,是对资源的极大浪费。第二章简要介绍国外主要发达国家应急救援体系的现状和国外消防在应急救援体系中的职能。纵观欧美等发达国家,政府统一指挥的应急救援协调机构、专业化的紧急救援队伍、精良的应急救援装备、完善的应急预案等,已成为国际社会公共安全救援体系的基本运作模式。由消防队伍承担各类灾害事故的日常救援任务,发挥其“一队多用、一专多能”的骨干作用,是世界上绝大多数国家应急救援力量建设的共有模式。第三章论述了由我国公安消防部队承担政府综合应急救援职能的必要性和可行性。加强应急救援队伍建设,提高公共安全保障水平是政府履行社会管理和公共服务职能的重要内容,也是构建和谐社会的必然选择。我国公安消防部队在组织管理体系、迅速反应、救援装备、应急救援经验、预案制订、信息化建设和智力支持等方面具有明显优势。依托公安消防部队构建常态应急救援主体力量体系,既可以减少众多的行业救援组织,避免行业救援组织的职能交叉、机构重叠和人员臃肿,又可以集中力量整合社会资源,减少政府投入,降低行政成本,还能方便人民群众遇难求助,提高救助效率,提升政府形象。第四章论述了我国公安消防部队承担政府综合应急救援职能面临的挑战和对策。把公安消防部队建成政府综合应急救援力量,当前面临着立法滞后,编制、经费不足,救援效率不高等诸多挑战。本文提出加强公安消防综合应急救援力量建设的对策是:一是健全有关应急救援的法律、法规,明确公安消防部队在应急救援体系中的主体地位;二是整合现有救援队伍,拓展公安消防部队职能;三是增加消防现役编制,大力发展多种形式的消防队伍;四是加大资金投入,建立多元化、多渠道的经费保障机制;五是进一步健全社会联动机制,构建政府统一的指挥调度平台;六是公安消防部队自身应积极应对,通过转变职能,加强专勤力量建设,加强预案制订和救援演练,着力提高社会抢险救援能力,积极承担光荣使命。第五章是结论和展望。国内部分省市已在整合救援队伍,加强消防综合救援力量建设上迈出可喜的一步。由消防队伍承担综合应急救援职能终将成为各级政府构建应急救援体系的必然选择。
[Abstract]:China's traditional sense of the fire fighting team is a special force to resist fire. In recent years, China's public security forces take the initiative to expand the functions of emergency rescue, fire fighting, consciously take away, to rescue personnel life based rescue mission, has become the main force of China's normal state of emergency rescue. But whether the public security forces as a commitment to society in general, comprehensive emergency rescue organization, the state has not yet completely clear. This article from the public management, public emergency crisis management perspective, using the relevant information at home and abroad, discusses the importance of public security fire force to assume the role of emergency rescue, the necessity and feasibility of trying to build. The emergency rescue system for all levels of government, strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team to provide useful reference and countermeasure point.
This paper consists of an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of China's public crisis management in China and the present situation of the construction of emergency rescue force. Public safety is the basic problem of human survival, development has always been facing. China has always been a disaster prone country, in recent years, China's entry into the social transformation and during the period of prominent contradictions, the public security situation is grim.2003 years after "SARS", the CPC Central Committee, the State Council attaches great importance to the work of emergency management of public emergencies, put forward to accelerate the construction of social emergency system requirements. However, due to the current emergency rescue force of public emergencies in China are scattered in various departments, not really set up rescue mechanism of social public security and unity, and various disasters have burst, characteristics of chain, the traditional "sub regional, sub sector, sub disaster" disaster response mechanism of exposed problems increasingly prominent That cannot meet the needs of handling emergency incidents increasing. Due to the separation of departments, overlapping functions, scattered strength, it is difficult to form a unified command, resulting in low rescue efficiency. At the same time, many departments and the category of the construction of emergency rescue team also caused repeated investment, a large number of personnel and equipment idle, is a great waste of for resources.
The fire situation and abroad the second chapter briefly introduces the major developed countries of the emergency rescue system functions in emergency rescue system. Throughout Europe and the United States and other developed countries, emergency rescue coordination mechanism unified command of the government, professional emergency rescue teams, emergency rescue equipment, improve the emergency plan, has become the basic mode of operation rescue the system of public security of the international community. The fire team undertake all kinds of disaster relief task, play the "a team with the key role of expert, is the vast majority of the world's emergency rescue force construction common mode.
The third chapter discusses the necessity and feasibility of the China's public security forces to assume the role of emergency rescue. To strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team, improve the level of protection of public security is an important part of the government's social management and public service functions, which is an inevitable choice for the construction of a harmonious society. China's public security forces in the organization and management system. Rapid response, rescue equipment, emergency rescue experience, planning, has obvious advantages in information technology and intellectual support. Relying on the fire brigade building a normal emergency rescue main power system, it can not only reduce the number of the relief organizations, avoid relief organizations cross functional, overlapping organizations and overstaffing, and can focus on the integration of forces the social resources, reduce government spending, reduce administrative costs, to provide convenience for the masses to help victims, improve the rescue efficiency. The image of the government.
The fourth chapter discusses China's public security forces bear the challenges and Countermeasures of government emergency rescue functions. The public security fire troops built government emergency rescue force, facing the lag of legislation, establishment, lack of funds, the rescue efficiency is not high on many challenges. This paper proposes countermeasures to strengthen the construction of public security fire emergency rescue force is: one is to improve the relevant laws and regulations, emergency rescue, fire brigade clear subject status in the emergency rescue system; the two is the integration of the existing rescue team, expand the role of the fire forces; the three is to increase the fire service system, vigorously develop various forms of fire team; the four is to increase capital investment, to establish a diversified, safeguard mechanism multi channel fund; the five is to further improve the social linkage mechanism, unified dispatching platform construction of the government; the six is the public security fire troops should own product In response, we need to transform our functions, strengthen the construction of dedicated forces, strengthen the formulation and rescue exercises of preplans, and strive to improve the ability of social rescue and rescue, and take the glorious mission.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion and prospect. Some provinces and cities in China have already made a gratifying step in integrating the rescue team and strengthening the building of fire rescue force. The fire brigade's comprehensive emergency rescue function will eventually become an inevitable choice for all levels of government to build an emergency rescue system.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D631.6

【引证文献】