论劳动教养的改革与完善

发布时间：2018-04-11 09:15

本文选题：劳动教养 + 制度缺陷　；参考：《山东大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为具有中国特色的一项重要法律制度,劳动教养制度在维护社会治安和社会稳定,预防和减少犯罪,教育和挽救违法犯罪人员等方面发挥了不可替代的作用。然而,随着时代的发展和社会的进步,民主和法治已成为国家政治文明的重要内容,公民的法律意识与维权意识也日益高涨。劳动教养制度因其法理上的矛盾、程序上的欠缺以及实践中的问题,受到越来越多的质疑和关注。因此,讨论劳动教养具有重大的理论和现实意义。关于我国劳动教养制度的命运,学界基本分废除论和保留论两派。但无论哪一派,在对待劳动教养是否应该进行改革和立法完善的问题上,却有着惊人的一致。劳动教养制度应该进行改革和立法完善,但在如何进行改革和立法完善上,则是仁者见仁,智者见智。本文赞同保留劳动教养制度并对其进行改革和立法完善的观点,主要包括四个方面的内容: 一、劳动教养制度的历史发展及现状。劳动教养是特殊历史时期的政治选择,始建于1955年,以1957年国务院公布《关于劳动教养问题的决定》为标志正式创建。1982年,国务院转发公安部的《劳动教养试行办法》,劳动教养制度开始走上了正常的发展道路。经过多年的修修补补,现行的劳动教养制度已与创建时有了很大的不同。二、劳动教养制度的不足。主要表现在制度本身的缺陷和实际运作中出现的问题两方面。其中法律性质不确定是问题争论的焦点,本文尝试从其性质的历史变迁的角度论述劳动教养性质不确定的根本原因。此外,法律依据位阶低、程序不规范、缺乏有效监督和执法随意性大也是争议比较大的问题。三、从劳动教养制度存在的必要性和合理性论证劳动教养制度应该继续存在。劳动教养存在的必要性在于其无可替代的历史作用和巨大的现实意义,其合理性在于存在满足功利需要的社会现实,在法制价值上具有创新意义。四、劳动教养制度的出路。立法改革是劳动教养的惟一出路,在立法时,首先要明确其法律性质,确立其法律地位,建立起独立于行政处罚和刑事处罚之外的法律处分。在制度建构时,要着重解决性质及宗旨、适用条件和适用对象、期限、司法程序、权利与义务、法律监督和法律救济以及所政管理等方面的问题。
[Abstract]:As an important legal system with Chinese characteristics, the system of re-education through labor plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining public order and social stability, preventing and reducing crime, educating and rescuing offenders and so on.However, with the development of the times and the progress of the society, democracy and the rule of law have become an important part of the national political civilization.The system of reeducation through labor has been questioned and paid more and more attention because of its contradiction in legal theory, lack of procedure and problems in practice.Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss reeducation through labor.About the fate of our country's reeducation through labor system, there are two schools in academic circles: abrogation theory and reservation theory.However, no matter which school, there is a surprising agreement on whether to reform and perfect legislation.The system of reeducation through labor should be reformed and legislated.This paper agrees with the view that the system of reeducation through labour should be retained, reformed and legislated, including four aspects:First, the historical development and present situation of the reeducation through labor system.Reeducation through labor is a political choice in a special historical period. It was founded in 1955, marked by the decision on the issue of reeducation through labor issued by the State Council in 1957.The State Council forwarded the trial measures of reeducation through labor to the Ministry of Public Security.After years of tinkering, the current system of reeducation through labor has been very different from when it was founded.Second, the deficiency of the system of reeducation through labor.It is mainly manifested in the defects of the system itself and the problems in actual operation.The uncertainty of legal nature is the focus of controversy. This paper tries to discuss the root cause of uncertainty of nature of re-education through labor from the perspective of its historical changes.In addition, the legal basis is low, the procedure is not standard, the lack of effective supervision and the law enforcement randomness is also a controversial issue.Third, the necessity and rationality of the existence of reeducation through labor system should continue to exist.The necessity of the existence of reeducation through labor lies in its irreplaceable historical role and great practical significance, and its rationality lies in the existence of social reality to meet the needs of utilitarianism, which is of innovative significance in the value of legal system.Fourth, the way out of the system of reeducation through labor.Legislative reform is the only way out for reeducation through labor. In legislation, we must first make clear its legal nature, establish its legal status and establish legal sanctions independent of administrative and criminal penalties.In the process of system construction, the problems of nature and purpose, applicable conditions and objects, time limit, judicial procedure, rights and obligations, legal supervision and legal relief, and administration of administration should be solved emphatically.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D926.8

【引证文献】