发展犯罪学视野下的男性青少年犯罪成因研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:24

本文选题：发展犯罪学 + 青少年犯罪　；参考：《徐州师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：国内外的犯罪统计都发现青少年犯罪高峰现象,也就是青少年期的犯罪率远高于其他年龄层。根据发展犯罪学的观点,不同年龄层的违法犯罪行为原因不同。那么,童年期和青少年期的违法犯罪行为的影响因素自然也不一样。发展犯罪学认为这些影响因素来自多方面,主要包含生物因素、心理因素和社会因素。Moffitt(1993)认为青少年犯罪人中包含两种犯罪人:终生持续型犯罪人(life-course-persistent offenders)和限于青春期型犯罪人(adolescent-limited offenders)。前者主要是由某些神经心理功能上的问题(如低自我控制)与易发生犯罪的环境(如不良的家庭和学校因素)相互作用所造成的;后者主要是受成熟代沟(maturity gap)的影响,也就是青少年在青春期生理成熟时产生成人角色需求,但是这种需求又被社会所限制而引发叛逆行为。Moffitt认为成熟代沟是限于青春期型犯罪人的犯罪动机,他们通过对犯罪同辈的模仿产生犯罪行为。本研究从个体自我控制、父母教养方式、学校适应、同辈关系以及成熟代沟五个方面来探究青少年犯罪高峰现象的成因。本研究以上海市未成年犯管教所181名15-21岁的男性青少年犯为有效研究对象。首先通过相关分析和阶层回归分析,分别考察了童年期和青少年期的违法犯罪行为影响因素。同时,按一定标准从被试中抽取18名具有终生持续倾向的犯罪人和44名限于青春期倾向的犯罪人,来近似地代替终生持续型犯罪人和限于青春期型犯罪人。接着,对这两种犯罪人在各影响因素上进行差异性比较;后又分别通过相关分析和阶层回归分析来进一步寻找两种犯罪人违法犯罪行为的主要预测因素。本研究所得结论如下: 1.青少年违法犯罪行为的发生率呈大幅增加趋势。进入青春期之后,参与违法犯罪行为的人数明显增多。青少年期的违法犯罪行为远比童年期违法犯罪行为严重得多。 2.童年期的违法犯罪行为和青少年期的违法犯罪行为既有相同的影响因素,又有不同的影响因素。同辈关系可以显著预测童年期的违法犯罪行为,尤以变量“叛逆之交”为主。早期因素(自我控制、父母教养方式和学校适应)和青春期因素(同辈关系和成熟代沟)都可以预测青少年期的违法犯罪行为,主要预测变量包括:“恒毅性”、“父亲情感疏离”、“官能需求”、“叛逆之交”、“不良交友方式”、“母亲支持防护”。 3.可能是受样本容量较小的情况所限,终生持续型犯罪人和限于青春期型犯罪人仅在“刺激寻求”和“叛逆之交”这两项特质上差异显著。终生持续型犯罪人比限于青春期型犯罪人更喜欢追求刺激;同时,终生持续型犯罪人比限于青春期型犯罪人更容易结交一些有叛逆言行的同辈朋友。 4.对于终生持续型犯罪人而言,“官能需求”可以显著正向预测其违法犯罪行为,但是预测力不稳定;“母亲不管教”可以显著负向预测其违法犯罪行为,预测力稳定。 5.对于限于青春期型犯罪人而言,“官能需求”和“官能限制”可以显著正向预测其违法犯罪行为。
[Abstract]:Crime statistics at home and abroad have found that the peak is also the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquency rate is far higher than other age groups. According to the development of criminology, criminal acts of different age groups have different reasons. Then the influence factors of childhood and adolescent illegal crime is the natural development of criminology that are not the same. These factors from many aspects, including biological factors, psychological factors and social factors (.Moffitt 1993) that contains two juvenile offenders offenders: life-long criminals (life-course-persistent offenders) and adolescent limited criminals (adolescent-limited offenders). The former is mainly composed of some neuropsychological function problems (such as low self control) and prone to crime environment (such as poor family and school factors) interaction caused by the latter; Is the maturity gap (maturity gap) influence, is young people have the demand for adult roles in adolescence physiological maturity, but this demand and social restrictions caused by rebellious behavior.Moffitt think maturity gap is limited to the adolescent crime motive of crime, crime of crime by their peers from the imitation. Individual self-control, parenting style, school adjustment, peer relationships and maturity gap causes five aspects to explore the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency.
The research on Shanghai City juvenile correctional 181 15-21 year old male delinquents for research object. By correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, we investigate factors of childhood and adolescent crimes. At the same time, according to certain standards from the subjects in the selected 18 has a lifelong tendency the offender and the 44 tendencies of the adolescent Limited offenders, to replace lifelong crime crime and adolescent limited. Then, comparison of these two kinds of criminals were different in the different influencing factors; and then respectively through the main prediction correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis to further search for two kinds of crime the criminal behavior factors. The conclusions of this study are as follows:
1., the incidence of juvenile delinquency increased significantly. After entering adolescence, the number of people involved in illegal activities increased significantly. Juvenile delinquency is far more serious than childhood offenses.
2. childhood and adolescent illegal crime criminal behavior has the same impact factors, and different factors. Peer relationships can significantly predict crimes in childhood, especially in the variable "deviant friends". Early factors (self-control, parenting style and school adaptation) and adolescent factors (peer relationships and maturity gap) can predict juvenile delinquency, the main variables include: "perseverance", "father's emotional alienation", "functional requirements", "Treason", "bad friends", "mother's support".
3. may be limited by the small sample size, lifelong crime and crime of adolescent limited people seek "only" stimulation and "Treason" of the two traits were significantly different. Lifetime criminals more love than the pursuit of stimulation type adolescent limited offenders; at the same time, lifelong type the crime are more likely to make some rebellious words and deeds of the peer than adolescent limited crime.
4., for lifelong persistent criminals, "functional needs" can significantly predict their illegal behaviors, but the prediction is not stable. "Mothers regardless of teaching" can significantly predict their illegal behaviors and predict their stability.
5. for juvenile delinquency, the "functional requirements" and "functional limitations" can significantly predict their criminal offenses.

【学位授予单位】：徐州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D917.2;C913.5

【参考文献】