试论我国司法鉴定制度改革的若干问题

发布时间：2018-04-15 16:48

本文选题：司法鉴定 + 制度　；参考：《郑州大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：司法鉴定是指在诉讼活动中鉴定人运用科学技术或者专门知识对诉讼涉及的专门性问题进行鉴别和判断并提供鉴定意见的活动。本文结合我国现行法律制度,联系英美法系国家和大陆法系国家的司法鉴定制度,运用比较的方法,剖析了我国现行司法鉴定制度之不足,提出了改革完善的措施。本文除引言外,共分六个部分。引言部分介绍了司法鉴定的历史沿革,以及司法鉴定制度改革的酝酿、发展与成就。第一部分是司法鉴定制度改革的必要性。长期以来,我国司法鉴定活动的混乱在一定程度上影响了司法机关的公信力,从社会发展、法治建设、经济运行、科技进步的角度来看,司法鉴定制度改革是时代的呼唤。第二部分是司法鉴定制度改革的思路。首先要正确界定司法鉴定的内涵和外延。要认真把握司法鉴定的基本性质。要充分认识司法鉴定的本质特征。要遵循司法改革的基本目标和总体要求。要积极借鉴世界各国的有益经验。第三部分是司法鉴定管理制度改革。长期以来,我国司法鉴定立法严重滞后,必须加以改革完善。要建立统一的司法鉴定管理体制,科学地设置司法鉴定机构。第四部分是司法鉴定人制度改革。在英美法系国家,司法鉴定人被称为“专家证人”,在大陆法系国家,司法鉴定人被称为“法官的科学辅助人”。我国司法鉴定人的法律地位是“诉讼参与人”。要明确我国司法鉴定人的权利、义务和法律责任。第五部分是司法鉴定启动制度改革。英美法系国家实行的是当事人启动制,大陆法系国家实行的是司法官启动制。我国司法鉴定启动制度的主要弊端是侦控机关权利过大,抗辩力量明显失衡。未来我国司法鉴定启动模式应采取司法官启动制为主,
[Abstract]:Forensic expertise refers to the activities in which experts use science and technology or expertise to identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation and to provide expert opinions.Combined with the current legal system of our country and the judicial identification system of the countries of common law system and civil law system, this paper analyzes the deficiency of the current judicial identification system of our country by means of comparative method, and puts forward some measures to reform and perfect it.In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into six parts.The introduction introduces the history of judicial expertise, as well as the brewing, development and achievements of the reform of judicial expertise system.The first part is the necessity of the reform of judicial expertise system.For a long time, the confusion of judicial expertise activities in China has affected the credibility of judicial organs to a certain extent. From the point of view of social development, the construction of rule of law, the economic operation and the progress of science and technology, the reform of judicial expertise system is the call of the times.The second part is the train of thought of the reform of judicial expertise system.First of all, the connotation and extension of judicial expertise should be defined correctly.We must seriously grasp the basic nature of judicial expertise.We should fully understand the essential characteristics of judicial expertise.We should follow the basic objectives and overall requirements of judicial reform.We should actively learn from the beneficial experience of various countries in the world.The third part is the reform of judicial expertise management system.For a long time, the legislation of judicial expertise in our country has lagged behind seriously and must be reformed and perfected.It is necessary to establish a unified administrative system of judicial expertise and scientifically set up judicial expertise institutions.The fourth part is the reform of judicial expert system.In common law countries, judicial appraisers are called "expert witnesses", while in civil law countries they are called "scientific auxiliaries of judges".The legal status of judicial connoisseur in our country is "litigant participant".It is necessary to clarify the rights, obligations and legal responsibilities of judicial connoisseurs in China.The fifth part is the reform of the initiation system of forensic expertise.Anglo-American law countries implement the system of litigant priming and civil law countries implement the system of law enforcement.The main malpractice of our country's judicial appraisal system is that the power of investigation and control organs is too large and the defense power is obviously out of balance.In the future, the starting mode of judicial expertise in China should be based on the priming system of magistrates.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D918.9

【引证文献】