论中国贿赂犯罪的情景预防

发布时间：2018-04-17 22:12

本文选题：贿赂犯罪 + 情景预防　；参考：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在我国日益推进社会主义法治建设的今天，贿赂犯罪以其强烈的腐蚀性和破坏性给政府和整个社会提出了一个迫切需要解决的难题。我国对贿赂犯罪的预防主要依靠司法预防，再辅之以各项专项预防措施，虽然起到了积极作用，但是贿赂犯罪的形势依然严峻。随着西方各国预防犯罪实践的不断发展和犯罪学研究的逐步深入，犯罪的预防方式从传统的司法预防的一元模式逐渐向社会预防、司法预防、情景预防相结合的三元模式转变。情景预防将犯罪原因的视角从犯罪人转移到犯罪发生的情景，通过改变影响行为人产生犯罪动机的情景，来遏制和预防犯罪，，给我国贿赂犯罪的预防提供了一个新的思路。文章通过四部分内容来探索贿赂犯罪的情景预防之路。第一章研究情景预防的基本理论，弄清楚情景预防的概念、理论基础、实践措施以及它与其他预防的关系，为有效应用情景预防奠定理论基石。正确认识情景预防，需要理解“情景”的含义，并将其与环境、犯罪场、犯罪实现条件进行比较研究，探究它们的异同，从而加深对情景预防的把握。刑法的新古典学派、犯罪被害人学、环境犯罪学的理论研究成果以及对后工业社会犯罪的特定原因认识的深化，为情景预防的产生提供了充分的理论依据，其中所蕴含的理性选择理论和犯罪成本收益分析的思维更是构成了情景预防的基本理论因子。透过情景预防的各项措施，可以看到情景预防有便捷性强、可操作性强、注重发动社会公众等有优点，同时也发现情景预防可能导致犯罪的转移等缺点。通过对情景预防与社会预防、司法预防在理念层面地分析，可以得出社会预防与司法预防都有缺陷和不足，需要与情景预防合作，且它们之间存在合作的基础。第二章对贿赂犯罪实行情景预防的必要性进行了研究。研究贿赂犯罪的预防中有没有必要采用情景预防，需要了解我国贿赂犯罪的现状，分析其产生的原因；通过对刑事法律、执政党、检察机关以及人大、监察、审计机关对防治贿赂犯罪所做的努力工作，探查出我国目前对贿赂犯罪的预防主要涉及社会预防和司法预防，情景预防尚处于薄弱环节。接下来，对贿赂犯罪实行情景预防的现实需求性和可行性的分析，进一步证明了情景预防在贿赂犯罪的预防中有适用的必要性。第三章主要探索贿赂犯罪实行情景预防的措施。设计情景预防的各项措施，需要讲究系统性，这就需要选择一种思维贯穿其中。通过对贿赂犯罪的主体、目标、时间、空间等情景要素的分析，我们发现影响贿赂犯罪的各要素复杂而多变，逐个针对各要素进行措施设计存在困难，选择增大犯罪风险、强化阻却情景，减少犯罪收益、弱化促进清静的思维来设计情景预防的措施可以解决这个问题。为此，文章引入了犯罪的成本与收益分析理论，分析受贿行为和行贿行为的直接成本、时间机会成本、惩罚成本、社会附带成本、物质收益及精神收益，找出影响贿赂犯罪的成本与收益的各种因素，然后有针对性地提出预防措施。最后，再根据贿赂犯罪的特点，提出一个采用情景预防来预防贿赂犯罪的一般思路。第四章研究贿赂犯罪的情景预防与其他预防的衔接，同时对第一部分最后提出的三元模式的预设形成回应。贿赂犯罪的情景预防不是一个孤立的系统，它的治标性的特点决定了其作用的有效发挥还有赖于社会预防与司法预防的合作和帮助。另外，网络传媒作为一股强有力的监督力量，对其加以科学引导和管理，可以增进情景预防的效果。在贿赂犯罪的预防中，情景预防有其适用的必要性和空间，为了有效遏制和预防当前贿赂犯罪的高发态势，需要研究和采用情景预防，并将其与社会预防和司法预防衔接。
[Abstract]:With the development of crime prevention in western countries and the progressive development of criminology , the crime prevention way is gradually shifted from the one - way model of traditional judicial prevention to social prevention , judicial prevention and situational prevention .

In the first chapter , the basic theory of situational prevention is explored , the concept of situational prevention , the theoretical foundation , practical measures and the relationship between it and other prevention are established .

In the second chapter , the necessity of the prevention of bribery crime is studied . It is necessary to use situational prevention in the prevention of bribery crime . It is necessary to know the current situation of bribery crime in China and to analyze the reasons for it .
Through analyzing the efforts of the criminal law , ruling party , procuratorial organs and the people ' s congress , the supervision and auditing authorities to the crime of bribery and bribery , the article probes out the current prevention of bribery crime in our country , which mainly involves social prevention and judicial prevention , and the situation prevention is still in the weak link . Next , the analysis of the realistic demand and feasibility of the situational prevention of bribery crime further proves the necessity of situational prevention in the prevention of bribery crime .

The third chapter mainly explores the measures to prevent the crime of bribery . It needs to choose a way of thinking through the analysis of the elements of the subject , target , time , space and so on of the crime . The article introduces the cost and benefit analysis theory of the crime , analyzes the factors that influence the cost and the benefits of the bribery crime , and finds out the factors that influence the cost and the income of the bribery crime , then puts forward the preventive measures . Finally , according to the characteristics of the bribery crime , a general idea of preventing bribery crime by situational prevention is proposed .

The fourth chapter deals with the link between the situational prevention and other prevention of bribery crime , and responds to the pre - set of the three - way model finally put forward by the first part . The situational prevention of bribery crime is not an isolated system . The characteristic of its governance decides its function and depends on the cooperation and help of social prevention and judicial prevention . In addition , the network media is a powerful supervisory power , which can be scientifically directed and managed , and can improve the effect of situational prevention .

In the prevention of bribery crime , situational prevention has its application necessity and space . In order to effectively contain and prevent the current bribery crime , we need to study and adopt situational prevention , and link it with social prevention and judicial prevention .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D917.6

【引证文献】