我国劳动教养制度法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 02:32

本文选题：劳动教养制度 + 保安处分　；参考：《兰州大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 现行的劳动教养制度是我国一项维护社会治安的重要法律制度，但是随着中国加入相关的国际人权公约以及“依法治国”和“尊重和保障人权”等重要法治理念的宪法化，法学界对该制度的主要缺陷取得了较为一致的看法，但对该制度的存废则产生了很大的争议。因而，在目前新的劳动教养法规还没有出台之际，笔者愿旧题重议，对现行劳动教养制度改革的相关问题提出一些粗浅的看法，以就教于学界同仁。全文共分四个部分：第一章我国劳动教养制度概述。首先对我国劳动教养制度的历史沿革进行了阐述，并对该制度的法律特征进行了归纳总结，最后对劳动教养制度的性质阐述了笔者的看法，进行了评析。第二章我国劳动教养制度的主要缺陷及其成因。首先指出了现行劳教制度存在的两大缺陷：侵犯人权以及违背行政法治、行政公正原则，并从理论层面上对其缺陷进行成因分析，指出对自由和平等理念的漠视导致该制度极易侵犯人权；对程序正义理念的漠视导致法律监督的缺位；违背行政法治和行政公正原则导致行政自由裁量权被滥用，处分过分严厉化。第三章劳动教养国外相关制度的比较研究。该章对西方轻罪制度进行了简要的介绍和评析，并与中国的劳动教养制度进行比较；同时对西方保安处分制度的历史发展、不同的立法模式进行了介绍，并归纳出司法适用的一般条件，也与中国劳动教养制度进行了异同比较。第四章劳动教养制度的改革方向及具体法律对策。该章首先对劳动教养制度保留并强化的观点进行了质疑和批判，认为该观点是错误的，现行的劳动教养制度必须废除；其次对优化中国劳动教养制度的三种主要路径进行了可行性分析，认为将劳动教养制度完全轻罪化是不符合中国实际的，主张对劳动教养对象实行完全的行政处罚化和保安处分化的观点也有以偏概全的不足之处，最后笔者主张废除我国现行的劳动教养制度，根据原劳动教养对象的不同特点分别实行行政强制措施化和保安处分化。紧接着提出了具体的法律对策，从实体上和程序上给出了相应的方案，特别主张对卖淫、嫖娼、吸毒人员决定收容处遇的过程中引入听证程序；对常习性违法行为人和轻微犯罪人决定教养处遇的过程中引入简易程序和一定条件下的书面审程序。
[Abstract]:The current system of re-education through labour is an important legal system for maintaining public order in China. However, with China's accession to the relevant international human rights conventions and the constitutionalization of the important legal concepts of "governing the country according to law" and "respecting and protecting human rights",The scholars of law have reached a consensus on the main defects of the system, but there is a great dispute about its existence or abolition.Therefore, at present, when the new laws and regulations of re-education through labor have not been issued, the author would like to rediscuss the old topic and put forward some superficial views on the reform of the current system of re-education through labor, in order to teach his colleagues in the academic circles.The full text is divided into four parts:The first chapter summarizes the system of reeducation through labor in China.Firstly, this paper expounds the historical evolution of the system of reeducation through labor in China, and summarizes the legal characteristics of the system. Finally, it expounds the author's views on the nature of the system of re-education through labor and evaluates it.The second chapter is about the main defects and causes of reeducation through labor system in China.First of all, it points out the two defects of the current re-education through labor system: violating human rights, violating the principle of administrative rule of law and administrative justice, and analyzes the causes of its defects from the theoretical level.It is pointed out that the disregard for the concept of freedom and equality leads to the system's easy violation of human rights, the disregard of the concept of procedural justice leads to the absence of legal supervision, the violation of the principle of administrative rule of law and administrative justice leads to the abuse of administrative discretion.The punishment was too severe.The third chapter is a comparative study of the relevant systems of reeducation through labor abroad.This chapter briefly introduces and evaluates the western misdemeanor system, and compares it with the Chinese reeducation through labor system. At the same time, it introduces the historical development and different legislative models of the western security punishment system.And summarized the general conditions of judicial application, and also compared with the system of reeducation through labor in China.The fourth chapter reform direction and concrete legal countermeasure of reeducation through labor system.At first, this chapter questions and criticizes the viewpoint that the system of reeducation through labor is retained and strengthened, which is wrong, and the current system of reeducation through labor must be abolished.Secondly, it analyzes the feasibility of three main ways to optimize China's reeducation through labor system, and concludes that it is not in line with the reality of China to make the reeducation through labor system a complete misdemeanor.There are also shortcomings in advocating complete administrative punishment and division of security services for the object of re-education through labour.Finally, the author proposes to abolish the current system of reeducation through labor in our country, and carry out administrative coercive measures and division of security department according to the different characteristics of the original object of re-education through labor.Then put forward the specific legal countermeasures, from the substantive and procedural aspects of the corresponding program, especially for prostitution, whoring, drug addicts in the process of deciding to accept the introduction of hearing procedures;The summary procedure and the written procedure under certain conditions are introduced in the process of the decision of the offender and the minor offender in the correctional service.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D926.8

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