单位犯罪若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 07:11

本文选题：单位犯罪 + 单位刑事责任　；参考：《华东政法学院》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：修改后的我国刑法将单位犯罪和自然人犯罪一样列入到刑法典之中,但是由于理论上对单位犯罪仍存在较多争议,立法上采取了回避矛盾的方式,将单位犯罪虚化成空洞的概念,造成理论和司法实践的严重脱节。近年来,随着我国经济建设的不断发展,单位日益成为我国经济、社会生活中的最活跃的主体,随之而来的单位危害社会的行为也层出不穷,但由于我国单位犯罪的规定存在严重缺陷,使一些严重危害社会的单位行为得不到有效惩处,削弱了刑法应有的威慑力。目前,无论是理论界,还是司法界的通说都将“经单位集体讨论或单位负责人决定实施的危害社会的行为”作为单位犯罪的核心要件。但是,这种理解不符合现实社会中的单位犯罪的实际情况,难以划清单位代表或机关成员的犯罪和单位自身犯罪之间的界限。单位作为人格化的社会系统具有其自身的意志,在追究单位犯罪的刑事责任时,应从追究单位自身固有的责任角度出发,除关注单位集体决定和单位负责人的决定之外,还应考虑单位的目标、业务范围、规章制度、防范措施等单位自身制度方面的情况。单位犯罪的主观罪过是认定单位犯罪关键,我国传统的单位犯罪理论和司法实践完全根据单位中的自然人罪过来认定单位的罪过。事实上,单位罪过具有与自然人罪过不同的特征,在考察单位整体意志时,要注意从单位自身的特征出发,将个人意志排除出去。单位故意犯罪是单位罪过的主要形式,但单位过失犯罪也是单位犯罪中的重要方面。我国刑法规定了130多种单位犯罪,但对单位犯罪范围的规定并没有明确的标准,并将单位盗窃等完全符合犯罪基本特征的严重危害社会行为排除在外, 单位犯 WP=4 罪的范围不仅取决于所采用的单位刑事责任原理和人们的“习惯”,同样也要随着社会的发展、观念的更新而及时进行修正。国家机关作为犯罪主体在理论和实践中都有较大争议,从我国现实状况出发,应当规定机关犯罪,并且应当根据机关的性质进一步完善机关犯罪的规定,增设单位渎职犯罪,这不仅是对现实当中机关犯罪的应对,也是维护国家法制、促进依法行政的必要手段。最后,由于我国单位犯罪的刑罚手段单一,处罚过轻而没有发挥威慑作用,应当建立符合单位犯罪实际情况的独立的单位犯罪刑罚体系。本文借鉴了国外单位犯罪立法和理论,对我国单位犯罪的理论根据、单位犯罪的主观罪过以及单位犯罪的范围等问题进行积极的探索,尝试提出一些切合实际的观点和看法,以期对完善我国单位犯罪的立法起一些推动作用。
[Abstract]:The revised Chinese criminal law includes unit crime as well as natural person crime in the criminal code. However, because there are still many disputes on unit crime in theory, the legislation adopts the way of avoiding contradiction. The empty concept of unit crime leads to a serious disconnection between theory and judicial practice. In recent years, with the continuous development of economic construction in our country, the unit has increasingly become the most active subject in our country's economy and social life. However, due to the serious defects in the regulation of unit crime in our country, some unit acts which seriously harm the society can not be punished effectively, which weakens the deterrent force due to the criminal law. At present, both the theoretical and judicial circles regard "the behaviors that are harmful to the society which are decided by the collective discussion of the unit or the person in charge of the unit" as the core elements of the unit crime. However, this kind of understanding does not accord with the actual situation of unit crime in real society, and it is difficult to draw a clear line between the crime of unit representative or the member of organization and the crime of unit itself. As a humanized social system, the unit has its own will. When investigating the criminal responsibility of the unit crime, it should proceed from the angle of the inherent responsibility of the unit itself, except for the collective decision of the unit and the decision of the person in charge of the unit. Consideration should also be given to the objectives, scope of business, rules and regulations, preventive measures and other aspects of the unit's own system. The subjective crime of unit crime is the key to the identification of unit crime. The traditional theory and judicial practice of unit crime are based on the crime of natural person in the unit. In fact, unit crime has different characteristics from natural person's sin. When examining the whole volition of the unit, we should pay attention to the characteristics of the unit itself and exclude the individual will. Unit intentional crime is the main form of unit crime, but unit negligent crime is also an important aspect of unit crime. The criminal law of our country has stipulated more than 130 kinds of unit crime, but there is no clear standard for the scope of unit crime, and the serious harmful social behavior, such as unit theft, which accords with the basic characteristics of the crime, is excluded. WP=4 The scope of crime not only depends on the principle of unit criminal responsibility and people's "custom", but also should be amended with the development of society and the renewal of concept. As the subject of the crime, the state organs are in great dispute in theory and practice. Proceeding from the reality of our country, they should stipulate that the organs commit crimes, and should further perfect the regulations of the organ crimes according to the nature of the organs, and establish the crime of dereliction of duty by the units. This is not only the response to the actual organ crime, but also the necessary means to maintain the national legal system and promote the administration by law. Finally, because the punishment method of unit crime in our country is single, the punishment is too light and does not play a deterrent role, we should establish an independent unit crime penalty system that accords with the actual situation of unit crime. This paper draws lessons from the legislation and theory of unit crime in foreign countries, explores the theoretical basis of unit crime in our country, the subjective sin of unit crime and the scope of unit crime, and tries to put forward some practical viewpoints and views. In order to improve the legislation of unit crime in China to play a role in some promotion.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D924.1

【引证文献】