法律视角下的亲子鉴定研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 20:12

本文选题：亲子鉴定 + 适用原则　；参考：《南京师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国当前物质生活水平的提高以及社会价值追求多元化趋势的加强,人们的传统观念发生了巨大的变化,突出表现在“包二奶"、婚外恋和非婚生子等反传统现象的频繁发生。这一系列问题的出现,使得传统的婚姻道德观念和传统的婚姻模式面临巨大的挑战。婚姻家庭危机日趋严重,夫妻间的忠诚与信任几乎荡然无存。在这样一个复杂的社会大环境下,亲子鉴定走进人们的视野并在尴尬中升温,绝非一个偶然的现象。亲子鉴定广泛应用于司法审判、行事侦查、户籍迁移、国籍确定、计划生育、收养及血液配型等领域。而DNA技术的进步,也使得亲子鉴定的内涵不断加深、外延不断扩展。亲子鉴定的独特功能可以帮助我们完成对身份的辨认和知识的认知。亲子鉴定在法律实践中发挥着重要的作用:它在民事法律审判中的运用可以帮助法官查明事实真相,建立起新的民事法律关系,消灭已有的民事法律关系,满足利害关系人对知情权的渴求和对名誉权的维护;在刑事审判中可以帮助法官完成对犯罪嫌疑人的定罪。尽管亲子鉴定在生活中作用极大,但是其副作用不容小觑。亲子鉴定存在着适用不当和被滥用的情形,这对利害关系人各方的合法权益构成了极大的挑战。由于现行相关法律的空白,亲子鉴定这一严肃的科学面临诸多尴尬。而亲子鉴定的特殊性又使我们不得不对其做出一些限制性规范。为了限制亲子鉴定的消极因素,从立法层面加以规范性引导就显得意义重大。在充分考虑到家庭各方需求及利害关系人的知情权、名誉权、生育权之间的利益平衡的基础上,我们需要对亲子鉴定行为进行一些规范性引导。本文拟从建立健全相关法律,完善其适用程序,完善鉴定机构设置、规范鉴定行为、完善人员配备及建立差错责任追究等方面入手,对亲子鉴定做出系统化的理论阐述。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of our country's current material living standard and the strengthening of the trend of pursuing pluralism in social value, people's traditional concepts have undergone tremendous changes. Prominent in the "second wife", extramarital love and illegitimate children such as frequent occurrence of anti-traditional phenomena. The emergence of this series of problems makes the traditional marriage moral concept and traditional marriage model face enormous challenges. The crisis of marriage and family is becoming more and more serious, and the loyalty and trust between husband and wife are almost gone. In such a complicated social environment, it is no accident that paternity testing comes into people's vision and heats up in embarrassment. Paternity testing is widely used in judicial trial, investigation, household registration, nationality determination, family planning, adoption and blood matching. With the development of DNA technology, the intension and extension of paternity test have been deepened. The unique function of paternity testing can help us to recognize identity and knowledge. Paternity testing plays an important role in legal practice: its application in civil law trial can help the judge to find out the truth of the facts, establish a new civil legal relationship, and eliminate the existing civil legal relationship. To satisfy the interested parties' thirst for the right to know and to safeguard the right of reputation can help the judge to complete the conviction of the suspect in the criminal trial. Although paternity testing plays an important role in life, its side effects should not be underestimated. The improper application and abuse of paternity testing pose a great challenge to the legitimate rights and interests of interested parties. The serious science of paternity testing is faced with many embarrassment due to the blank of current relevant laws. And the particularity of paternity test makes us have to make some restrictive norms. In order to limit the negative factors of paternity test, it is of great significance to guide the legislation. On the basis of fully considering the needs of all parties in the family and the interests of the interested parties the right to know the right to reputation and the right to procreate we need to conduct some normative guidance on the behavior of paternity testing. This paper intends to establish and perfect the relevant laws, perfect its applicable procedures, perfect the establishment of appraisal institutions, standardize the appraisal behavior, perfect the staffing and establish the accountability for errors, and make a systematic theoretical elaboration of paternity testing.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D919.4

【引证文献】