论科学不端行为的犯罪化

发布时间：2018-05-28 16:52

本文选题：科学不端行为 + 犯罪化　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学不端行为的存在方式在空间上具有广泛性,在时间上具有恒常性。现代社会里,随着科技竞争的越发激烈,科学不端行为更是频繁发生,而科技进步对社会发展正日益发挥着决定性作用,这使得科学不端行为给社会造成的危害比以往任何时代都大。目前,我国对科学不端行为的调控主要依靠道德、民事和行政手段进行,然而调控的结果不尽人意,科学不端行为增多的趋势并未得到抑制。在这一形势下,将一部分具有严重社会危害性的科学不端行为做犯罪化处理,用公权力来保障科研活动的健康开展是一种有意义、有价值的制度尝试。本文从犯罪学的角度,借助刑法科学理论,通过审视科学史上的一些实例,从理论上论证了科学不端行为犯罪化的必要性和可行性。论文首先从语义分析出发,以“科学研究活动——科学越轨行为——科学不端行为”为逻辑脉络,层层递进地分析了一些相关概念的内涵与外延及它们之间的关系,从而最终明确现阶段可以成为刑事治理对象的科研行为的行为界域——篡改、伪造和剽窃。随后,论文从理论及现实两个层面寻找科学不端行为犯罪化的依据。从刑法理论的角度来看,科学不端行为具备严重的社会危害性和应受惩罚性;从实践的角度来看,科学不端行为对科学研究活动的开展具有误导和干扰作用,使科研的失败风险加大,容易导致科研结果的无效或低效,极大地阻碍了科学进步,甚至严重损害国家荣誉。因此,我国应借鉴国外立法和司法实践,尝试对科学不端行为犯罪化。最后,论文在前文理论探讨的基础上,以刑法谦抑性为原则,遵循我国刑法典,结合我国科研体制的特点,针对“创设罪名”与“配置适于科学不端行为刑事治理的刑罚”这两条途径,以创设伪造数据罪,配置资格刑为例,对建立科学不端行为刑事治理制度提出了立法建议,期望对科学不端行为的有效治理能有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The existence of scientific misconduct has the universality in space and constant in time. In modern society, with the increasingly fierce competition in science and technology, scientific misconduct is more frequent, and the progress of science and technology is playing an increasingly decisive role in social development, which makes the harm to society caused by the misconduct of Science. At present, the regulation of scientific misconduct in our country mainly depends on moral, civil and administrative means. However, the result of the regulation is not satisfactory. The trend of the increase of scientific misconduct has not been suppressed. In this situation, a part of the scientific misconduct with serious social harmfulness is criminally treated and used in this situation. Public power to ensure the healthy development of scientific research activities is a meaningful and valuable system attempt. From the perspective of criminology, with the help of the scientific theory of criminal law, the necessity and feasibility of the criminalization of scientific misconduct is theoretically demonstrated by examining some examples in the history of science.
Starting from the semantic analysis, the thesis begins with the logical context of "scientific research activity - scientific deviant behavior - scientific misconduct". It analyzes the connotation and extension of some related concepts and the relationship between them layer by step, so as to make it clear that the present stage can become the behavioral domain of the research behavior of the object of criminal governance. Tampering, forgery and plagiarism.
Then, from two aspects of theory and reality, the paper tries to find the basis for the criminalization of scientific misconduct. From the perspective of criminal law theory, the scientific misconduct has serious social harmfulness and punitive punishment. From the practical point of view, scientific misconduct has misleading and interfering effects on the development of scientific research. The increase of failure risk leads to the invalidity or inefficiency of scientific research results, which greatly hinders scientific progress and even seriously damages national honor. Therefore, our country should learn from foreign legislation and judicial practice to try to criminalization of scientific misconduct.
Finally, on the basis of the theoretical discussion of the previous article, the thesis, based on the principle of the modesty of criminal law, followed the characteristics of our country's criminal law, combined with the characteristics of our country's scientific research system, aimed at the two ways of "creating a crime" and "configuring criminal punishment for the misconduct of scientific misconduct", in order to create a false data crime and configure the qualification penalty as an example, and to establish a scientific misconduct. The behavior criminal governance system puts forward legislative proposals, hoping to help the effective management of scientific misconduct.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D917;D914

【引证文献】