刑事鉴定制度的规范化研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 10:18

本文选题：刑事鉴定 + 司法鉴定　；参考：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为刑事诉讼法的一个重要组成部分,刑事鉴定是指公安机关、人民检察院为了查明案情,指派或者聘请具有专门知识的人对案件中的某些专业性的问题进行鉴别和判断的活动。刑事鉴定是司法机关公正处理案件、正确定罪量刑、保证司法独立和维护法律权威的重要依据。两大法系各主要国家对于刑事鉴定均作了相应规定,但是在担任鉴定人的资格、鉴定机构的设置、刑事鉴定的启动权和决定权以及鉴定人的质证模式都有所不同。随着社会的不断进步和发展,刑事案件的作案手段也复杂多样,必然要求我国的刑事鉴定逐步完善。但是目前我国刑事鉴定行为存在许多弊端:如鉴定人员缺乏统一完善的管理机制,鉴定机构设置混乱、职责不清,控辩双方在启动权方面严重失衡,当事人的质证权得不到有效保证等。本文对我国刑事鉴定体制的现状和问题进行了分析,从比较分析大陆法系和英美法系的优缺点,借鉴其优点并结合我国实际情况提出了构建我国刑事鉴定体制的一些设想:设立全国统一的鉴定人资格考试;建立科学、中立、公正的鉴定机构;完善鉴定启动程序;健全和完善鉴定人出庭质证制度等。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the Criminal procedure Law, criminal appraisal refers to the public security organs and the people's procuratorates in order to find out the circumstances of the case. The activity of appointing or hiring a person with expertise to identify and judge certain professional issues in a case. Criminal identification is an important basis for judicial organs to deal with cases fairly, to correctly convict and sentence, to guarantee the independence of the judiciary and to maintain the authority of the law. The major countries of the two legal systems have made corresponding provisions for criminal identification, but the qualification as an expert, the setting up of appraisal institutions, the initiation and decision of criminal identification and the mode of cross-examination of experts are all different. With the continuous progress and development of the society, the criminal case crime means are also complex and diverse, which will inevitably require the gradual improvement of criminal identification in our country. However, at present, there are many drawbacks in criminal appraisal in our country: such as the lack of unified and perfect management mechanism of appraisal personnel, the confusion in the setting up of appraisal organizations, the unclear responsibilities, the serious imbalance between the prosecution and the defense in the starting power, The party's right of cross-examination can not be effectively guaranteed. This paper analyzes the present situation and problems of criminal identification system in China, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of civil law system and common law system. Drawing lessons from its advantages and combining with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some ideas of constructing our country's criminal appraisal system: setting up a unified national qualification examination for authenticators, establishing scientific, neutral and impartial appraisal institutions, perfecting the procedure of initiation of identification; Perfect and perfect the system of forensic examination in court and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D918.9

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