试论暴力犯罪的心理机制

发布时间：2018-06-14 16:41

本文选题：暴力倾向性心理结构 + 攻击本能　；参考：《中国政法大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 暴力犯罪,由于其的当场性、破坏性和强暴性,往往给被害人带来的伤害比其它类型犯罪更为直观、明显、深刻,而且难以弥补和愈合。同时,暴力犯罪对社会公众的安全感的影响也大于其他类型的犯罪。大众安全感下降,对国家权威缺乏信心,必然会导致社会不稳定,犯罪隐患增加,各种不法行为滋长。由此恶性循环,愈演愈烈。我国现阶段的暴力犯罪已经日益呈现出现代化、低龄化、有组织化等特点,犯罪情节越来越严重,给国家和人民都造成了巨大的损害。因此,从犯罪心理学的角度研究暴力犯罪行为,分析暴力犯罪的心理机制,以便能够从中寻求出更好地遏止暴力犯罪、预防暴力犯罪的手段和方法是十分有意义的。在借鉴和分析了心理学几大流派对人行为的形成的解释和研究,笔者认为任何一个单独的理论都不足以解释暴力犯罪行为的发生,而应当把各种理论加以整合运用。笔者将暴力犯罪心理机制的形成分为两个阶段:一是倾向于暴力行为的心理结构的形成阶段,即暴力犯罪人在其成长过程中社会化的阶段;二是暴力犯罪动机的形成并外化阶段,即实际发生暴力犯罪行为的阶段。在第一个阶段中,笔者首先从认知、情绪、人格和能力三个方面阐述了暴力犯罪心理结构有哪些特点;其次,笔者就影响暴力犯罪心理结构形成的各种因素,从生理、心理和社会三个层次作了详细地阐述,尤其在心理因素方面,特别强调了本能、认知发展、行为强化等因素在暴力犯罪心理结构形成过程中的重要作用,并进一步论述了生理因素、社会因素与这些心理因素相互作用、相互影响的关系;最后,笔者根据暴力犯罪人社会化历程的差别,将暴力犯罪心理结构的形成模式分为三种:一是显性的暴力犯罪心理结构即形成过程中伴随有行为强化的暴力犯罪心理结构,二是隐性的暴力犯罪心理结构即形成过程中暴力行为没有外化但是在心理得到强化的暴力犯罪心理结构,三是突变的暴力犯罪心理结构即在特定的外界刺激下原有的非暴力犯罪心理结构瓦解进而形成的暴力犯罪心理结构,同时,以图表的形式对三种结构形成过程中的具体环节进行了论述。在第二个阶段中,笔者主要阐述了暴力犯罪心理结构是如何与个体的需求和外界的环境相结合最终导致暴力犯罪动机的产生的过程,并论述了各个因素即需要、外部诱因和暴力犯罪心理结构在暴力犯罪动机产生和暴力犯罪行为发生过程中的作用。通过对暴力犯罪心理机制的构建,笔者认为暴力犯罪人与非暴力犯罪人的根本区别在于暴力犯罪人在其成长过程中由于各种因素的作用形成了暴力犯罪心理结构。因此,我们要遏制暴力犯罪首先要从预防暴力犯罪心理结构的形成做起,也就是说要充分利用环境对行为和认知的强化作用,通过各种教育手段和训练模式帮助个体从小就形成正确地行为模式和认知,塑造个体的非暴力犯罪心理结构,形成健康的人格。而对那些已经实施暴力犯罪的人则要从心理和行为上对其进行重塑,帮助其重新建立稳定的非暴力犯罪心理结构。
[Abstract]:Violent crime, because of its field, destructive and violent nature, often brings more harm to the victim than other types of crime, which is more intuitive, obvious, profound, and difficult to make up and healing. At the same time, the effect of violent crime on the public's sense of security is greater than that of other types of crime. It will inevitably lead to social instability, the increase of criminal risks and the growth of various wrongful acts. Thus, the vicious circle has become more and more intense. The present stage of violent crime in our country has become increasingly present, low age, organized and so on. The plot of the crime is becoming more and more serious and has caused great damage to both the family and the people. Therefore, from the crime heart It is of great significance to study violent crime and analyze the psychological mechanism of violent crime in order to find out the means and methods to prevent violent crime and to prevent violent crime.
The author thinks that any single theory is not enough to explain the occurrence of violent crime, and should integrate all kinds of theories. The author puts the psychological mechanism of violent crime into two stages: one is the tendency to violent behavior. The formation stage of the psychological structure is the stage of the socialization of the violent offender in the process of its growth; the two is the stage of the formation and externalization of the motive of violent crime, that is, the stage of the actual violent crime.
In the first stage, the author first expounds the characteristics of the psychological structure of violent crime from three aspects of cognition, emotion, personality and ability. Secondly, the author expounds all kinds of factors that affect the formation of psychological structure of violent crime, and expounds in detail from three levels of physiology, psychology and society, especially in psychological factors. The important role of the factors such as instinct, cognitive development and behavior intensification in the formation of psychological structure of violent crime, and further discuss the physiological factors, the interaction between social factors and these psychological factors, and the relationship between each other. Finally, the author based on the difference of the socialization process of violent crime, the formation model of the psychological structure of violent crime. There are three types: one is the dominant psychological structure of violent crime, that is, the psychological structure of violent crime accompanied by behavior, the two is the psychological structure of the recessive violent crime, that is, the violence is not externalized but the psychological structure of the violent crime is strengthened in the psychology, and the three is the psychological structure of the sudden violent crime. At the same time, the psychological structure of the original non violent criminal psychological structure disintegrates and then forms the psychological structure of violent crime. At the same time, the concrete links in the formation of the three kinds of structures are discussed in the form of chart.
In the second stage, the author mainly expounds how the psychological structure of violent crime combines with the needs of the individual and the environment of the outside world to lead to the motive of the violent crime, and discusses the various factors, such as the needs, the external causes and the psychological structure of the violent crime in the violent crime motive and the violent crime. The role of the process.
Through the construction of psychological mechanism of violent crime, the author thinks that the fundamental difference between violent criminals and non violent offenders is that violent crimes have formed the psychological structure of violent crimes in the process of their growth. Therefore, we should first take the formation of the psychological structure of violence prevention to contain violence crime. In other words, we should make full use of the strengthening effect of environment on behavior and cognition, help individuals form correct behavior patterns and cognition through various educational means and training patterns, shape individual non violent criminal psychological structure and form healthy personality. And those who have committed violent crimes have to be psychological and behavioral. Rebuild it and help them rebuild a stable non violent criminal psychological structure.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D917.2

【引证文献】