中国南方五个少数民族人群面部五官形态特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 03:04

本文选题：少数民族 + 面部形态　；参考：《重庆医科大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的:观测分析5个少数民族人群面部五官图像信息,试图找出各民族的面部形态特征,建立相关信息库,为颅骨面貌复原提供帮助。方法:选取5个南方少数民族的健康成年男女各100名,拍摄头面部正侧位同等条件下的照片和X片。确定19个指标观测分析5个民族人群的面部五官形态,选择其中的颧部、鼻根凹陷度等5个有代表性的项目,观测分析骨性五官与颜面五官的相关性和差异性。样本抽取:根据中国人口分布状况及第5次人口普查数据,在人口一百万以上民族中选取5个南方少数民族的健康成年男女各100名。为了保证受检人群的代表性和可靠性,样本必须来自各少数民族聚集地区和世居地区。观测指标:根据与颅骨面貌复原紧密相关的五官部件的形态学要求[1,2],本次研究确定了发型、面型、眉型及眉眼间距等19项指标,研究5个民族人群的面部五官形态,选择其中的颧部、鼻根凹陷度、下颌角型、下颌颏型、下颌侧观等5个较容易观察的项目,观测骨性五官与颜面五官的相关性和差异性。统计方法:对所取得的统计数据,用The SAS System统计软件,采用X2检验和Fisher确切概率检验,P0.05,分析民族之间、男女性别之间的相关性和差异性。结果:5个少数民族面部形态特征大体相似,有所区别的是:苗族女性圆形脸比例较大,而白族、壮族、傣族、苗族男性方形脸较多;苗族人群半数以上为单睑;彝族男性和壮族女性颧骨突出率较高;彝族和白族女性下颌角以外翻形多见;壮族和苗族人群鼻根凹陷型出现率较高。五个民族男女骨性五官与颜面五官绝大多数都相吻合。其面部形态既有共同点,也具有各自的民族特征。例如眼睑、眉眼间距和眼裂高度3项指标民族差异性显著;苗族的眼睑,彝族的眼裂类型,壮族和苗族的鼻根形态,彝族男性和壮族女性的颧骨均具有各自的民族特征;而白族的椭圆脸,中等颧骨更接近于南方汉族人群特征。骨性五官与颜面五官多数吻合,至于不吻合项中女性比例偏大,除照片和X片拍摄过程中受检者配合因素影响外,面部软组织厚度差异也可能是原因之一。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe and analyze the facial features of five ethnic minorities, to find out the facial features of each ethnic group, and to establish the relevant information database to provide help for skull reconstruction. Methods: 100 male and female healthy adults from 5 southern ethnic minorities were selected to take photographs and X-films under the same condition of head and face. 19 indexes were determined to observe and analyze the facial features of 5 ethnic groups, 5 representative items were selected, such as zygomaticus and nose root depression, and the correlation and difference between bony facial features and facial features were observed and analyzed. Sample selection: according to the data of China's population distribution and the fifth census, 100 healthy adult men and women of 5 southern ethnic minorities were selected from more than 1 million ethnic groups. In order to ensure the representativeness and reliability of the tested population, the samples must come from the areas where the ethnic minorities gather and live. Observation measures: according to the morphological requirements of the facial features closely related to the restoration of the skull, this study determined 19 indexes, such as hairstyle, facial shape, eyebrow type and eyebrow distance, to study the facial features of the five ethnic groups. The zygomatic part, nasal root depression, mandibular angle type, mandibular chin type and mandibular lateral view were selected to observe the correlation and difference between the facial features and the bony facial features. Statistical methods: the statistical data were analyzed by using the SAS system software, using X2 test and Fisher exact probability test (P0.05) to analyze the correlation and difference between men and women. Results: the facial features of the five ethnic minorities were similar in general. The difference was that the proportion of round faces of Miao women was larger than that of Bai, Zhuang, Dai and Miao male square faces, and more than half of the Miao people were single eyelids. The rate of zygomatic herniation was higher in male and female of Yi nationality and Zhuang nationality; the incidence rate of nasal root depression was higher in female of Yi and Bai nationality than that of female of Yi nationality and Bai nationality. Five nationalities male and female bony facial features and facial features are most consistent. Its facial morphology has not only common ground, but also its own national characteristics. For example, the eyelid, the distance between eyebrow and eye and the height of eye fissure were significantly different among nationalities, the eyelid of Miao nationality, the type of eye fissure of Yi nationality, the shape of nose root of Zhuang and Miao nationality, the zygomatic bone of male and female of Yi nationality all had their own national characteristics. The elliptical face of Bai nationality, medium zygomatic bone is more similar to the characteristics of Han people in southern China. Most of the facial features and bony facial features were consistent, and the proportion of female was higher than that of non-anastomosis. In addition to the factors of cooperation between the subjects in the process of photograph and X ray shooting, the difference of facial soft tissue thickness may also be one of the reasons.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D919

【引证文献】