盗窃机动车案件侦防对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 09:59

本文选题：盗窃机动车 + 特点　；参考：《西南政法大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着经济发展进程的加快及人民生活水平的日益提高，我国的机动车拥有量呈现几何级数的增长。与此同时，盗窃机动车犯罪也日益猖獗，案件数量持续攀升，不仅给车主带来了物质损失和精神损害，同时也给国家，尤其是保险业带来了巨大损失，并在一定程度上扰乱了机动车交易市场正常的交易秩序，利用被盗机动车进行其他犯罪活动的案件也不胜枚举。鉴于盗窃机动车犯罪严重的社会危害，笔者认为有必要探索出行之有效的盗窃机动车犯罪的侦防对策，从而遏制此类犯罪的高发势头。因此，笔者从盗窃机动车案件的特点入手，深入分析盗窃机动车犯罪多发原因，并在此基础上，立足盗窃机动车犯罪侦查面临的主要问题，提出了此类犯罪侦查对策的完善。除此之外，笔者还对盗窃机动车犯罪的预防对策进行了研究，力求从各个角度、各个方面来探讨预防此类犯罪的有效方法。全文分四个部分，主要内容如下：第一部分：盗窃机动车案件的特点。只有对案件特点进行认真研究，才能为采取相应的侦查措施和对策提供依据和参考。本部分从犯罪时间、犯罪主体、犯罪客体、犯罪区域、犯罪手段、犯罪条件六个方面对此类案件的特点分别进行了阐述。具体说来，即犯罪时间多为夜间，，且作案时间短暂、逃离现场迅速；犯罪成员团伙化、组织严密、分工明确；作案目标高档化，销赃市场化；跨区域作案日益增多，经济发达地区为犯罪多发区域；犯罪手段多样，有顺手牵羊、偷配钥匙、撬门别锁、自制专用盗车工具、技术性作案等；犯罪条件特殊，涉及到盗、改、运、销等多个环节，为我们重点防控和串并案件提供了可能。第二部分：盗窃机动车犯罪多发原因分析。本部分从两个方面对盗窃机动车犯罪多发的原因进行了分析。一方面是社会原因，另一方面是心理原因。具体而言，社会原因包括四个方面，即经济发展、车辆增多的物质条件为犯罪分子提供了大量的作案目标，并为销赃提供了市场；汽车保管场所少，保管制度不完善，安全设备落后，防盗性能差，车主防盗意识淡漠等因素导致社会治安管理滞后，整体防范意识淡薄；地下交易市场的大量存在使机动车交易便捷，个别地区入户管理不严，使赃车能够保持其原有的使用价值；对盗车犯罪打击不力，破案率较低，助长了犯罪分子的气焰。心理原因则从侦查人员和犯罪分子两个角度切入进行了分析。侦查人员侦查意识不强，心理倦怠、麻木，出现了“坐等案破”的现象；犯罪分子受拜金主义思潮影响，产生了经济需要，贫富差距又使得犯罪分子认为自己是社会的受害者，犯罪心理合理化，经济需要与犯罪心理合理化就成了促使他们犯罪的动因。第三部分：盗窃机动车侦查对策研究。本部分先阐述了盗窃机动车案件侦查所面临的主要问题，在此基础上，有针对性的提出了盗窃机动车犯罪侦查对策的完善。在案件侦查所面临的问题方面，主要包括破案率低、刑侦基础工作差、办案经费保障难以到位、信息不畅、刑侦协作机制不完善五个方面。破案率低使民众安全感下降，犯罪分子侥幸心理增强；刑侦基础工作差则表现在阵地控制、刑嫌控制、犯罪情报信息建设三个方面；办案经费的不足及相关保障难以到位极大的制约了公安机关侦查工作的开展：信息不畅则表现为发案信息不畅、破案信息不畅、车辆信息不畅、并案信息不畅、抓获嫌疑人信息不畅、追逃信息不畅等；刑侦协作机制不完善包括各警种缺乏有效配合、区域性侦查协作不完善两个方面。在侦查对策的完善部分，则是从四个方面进行了阐述。一是建立高素质的盗窃机动车专案侦查队伍，要注意三个问题，即要有强大的技术力量作支持；要有精通侦查破案的业务能力；要有良好的心理素质。二是加强相关管理，包括五个方面的内容，即适时开展专项斗争；加强涉车管理；建立道路车辆监管系统；完善刑侦基础工作；加强侦查协作。三是充分利用科学技术，做到侦技结合，通过对电子眼、计算机及网络技术、GPS卫星定位系统、验证和显现号码技术的简要介绍，探讨它们的有效利用方式。四是完善相关涉车信息，建立涉车信息库，并将全国涉车信息库与交通信息系统融为一体。第四部分：盗窃机动车预防对策研究。此部分分为专门预防、社会预防、情境预防三个方面。专门预防包括警察预防、管理预防、司法预防。要使警察预防真正发挥其效能，一方面要加大打击犯罪的力度，另一方面要强化各警种的防范职能，在诸项治安管理活动中产生整和效应。管理预防则是要加强道路交通管理、道路车辆管理及停车业的治安管理。司法预防则要做到“有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究”。社会预防包括群众预防、企业预防。群众预防是社会治安防范的主体，要使群众提高防盗意识，掌握防盗常识，并发挥物业保安等群众性安全防范组织的重要作用。企业预防将市场机制引入了犯罪预防体系，是对社会治安管理职能的补充，是建立并发展多元化的社会治安防范体系的需要。情境预防则是通过目标强化保护、降低犯罪收益、减少犯罪刺激、正式监控、环境设计、邻里守望六个方面，持久有机地改变犯罪环境，尽可能的使行为人认识到犯罪行为难度增加，被捕可能性增大，犯罪收益减少，以此来减少犯罪。本部分与第三部分是全文之重点。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating process of economic development and the increasing living standards of the people, the number of motor vehicles in China has been increasing geometrically. At the same time, the crime of theft of motor vehicles is increasingly rampant and the number of cases is rising, which not only brings material loss and mental damage to the owners, but also brings to the state, especially the insurance industry. Huge losses, and to a certain extent, disrupted the normal order of the trading market in motor vehicles, and there are numerous cases of using stolen motor vehicles for other criminal activities. In view of the serious social harm of the theft of motor vehicles, the author thinks it is necessary to explore effective measures to detect and prevent the crime of stealing motor vehicles. Therefore, from the characteristics of the theft of motor vehicle cases, the author analyzes the reasons for the crime of theft of motor vehicles, and based on this, based on the main problems of the crime investigation of the theft of motor vehicles, and puts forward the improvement of this kind of crime investigation. In addition, the author also prevents the crime of theft of motor vehicles. The countermeasures are studied, and the effective ways to prevent such crimes are discussed from various angles and aspects. The full text is divided into four parts. The main contents are as follows:
The first part: the characteristics of the case of theft of motor vehicles. Only by careful study of the characteristics of the case can we provide the basis and reference for the corresponding investigation measures and countermeasures. This part expounds the characteristics of such cases from six aspects: the time of crime, the subject of the crime, the object of the crime, the area of the crime, the means of crime and the conditions of the crime. In particular, the crime time is more night, and the time of the crime is short, fleeing the scene quickly; the criminal members are ganged up, the organization is strict, the division of labor is clear; the crime target is upscale, the market of the stolen goods is marketed; the trans regional case is increasing, the economically developed areas are more crime areas; the crime means are varied, the key is stolen, the door prizes the door. Do not lock, the self-made special theft vehicle tools, technical crime, and so on; the criminal conditions are special, involving many links, such as theft, modification, transportation and marketing, which provide the possibility for our key prevention and control and cases.
The second part: analysis of the reasons for the multiple crime of theft of motor vehicles. This part analyses the reasons for the multiple crimes of theft of motor vehicles from two aspects. One is the social reasons and the other is psychological reason. In particular, the social reasons include four aspects, that is, the economic development, and the material conditions for the increase of vehicles provide the criminals. A large number of targets, and provide a market for the sale of stolen goods; less storage places in the car, imperfect safekeeping system, backward security equipment, poor anti-theft performance, poor security awareness and other factors led to the social security management lag, the overall awareness of light; the large number of existence of the underground trading market makes motor vehicle transactions convenient, individual areas into households Management is not strict, so that the stolen car can maintain its original use value; the crime against car theft is ineffective, the rate of breaking the case is low, and encourages the spirit of the criminals. Psychological reasons are analyzed from the two angles of investigators and criminals. The criminals are influenced by the thought of the money worship, and the economic needs are created. The gap between the rich and the poor makes the criminals think that they are the victims of the society, the criminal psychology is rationalized, the economic needs and the rationalization of the criminal psychology become the motivations for them to commit crimes.
The third part: the investigation of the detection of theft of motor vehicles. This part first expounds the main problems faced by the investigation of the theft of motor vehicles. On this basis, it puts forward the improvement of the detection countermeasures for the crime of theft of motor vehicles. In the case of the problems facing the case investigation, the main problem is to include the low rate of breaking the case, the poor basic work of criminal investigation and the case of handling cases. The financial guarantee is difficult to be put in place, the information is not smooth and the criminal investigation cooperation mechanism is not perfect in five aspects. The low breaking rate makes the people's sense of security decline and the criminals' fluke psychological enhancement; the poor basic work of criminal investigation is shown in three aspects: position control, punishment control, and criminal information information construction; the shortage of funds for handling cases and related guarantee is difficult to be in place extremely. It restricts the development of the investigation work of the public security organs: the information is not smooth, the information is not smooth, the information is not smooth, the information of the vehicle is not smooth, the information is not smooth, the information of the suspects is not smooth, the information is not smooth and so on. The imperfect cooperation mechanism of criminal investigation includes the lack of effective cooperation between the police species and the imperfect regional investigation cooperation two In the part of the investigation, the perfect part of the investigation countermeasures is expounded in four aspects. One is to establish a high quality investigation team for the theft of motor vehicles. We should pay attention to three problems, that is, a strong technical force should be supported, the business ability to be proficient in investigating and breaking the case, and good psychological quality. Two is to strengthen the related management. Including five aspects, that is to carry out the special struggle in time, strengthen the management of the vehicle involved, establish the supervision system for road vehicles, improve the basic work of criminal investigation, and strengthen the cooperation of investigation. Three is to make full use of science and technology to achieve the combination of detection and technology, and through the electronic eye, computer and network technology, GPS satellite positioning system, verification and display number technology. A brief introduction is made to discuss the effective use of them. Four is to improve the relevant information related to the vehicle, to establish a car related information base, and to integrate the national vehicle information base with the traffic information system.
The fourth part: Research on the prevention of theft of motor vehicles. This part is divided into three aspects: special prevention, social prevention and situation prevention. The special prevention includes the prevention of police, management and prevention, and judicial prevention. In order to make the police prevent the real use of its effectiveness, on the one hand, we should strengthen the efforts to combat crime, and on the other hand, strengthen the guard function of all kinds of police. The management prevention is to strengthen the road traffic management, the road vehicle management and the public security management of the parking industry. The judicial prevention should be "there are laws to abide by, law must be carried out, law enforcement must be strict, illegal investigation". Social prevention includes mass prevention, enterprise prevention. Mass prevention is social security prevention. The main body of fan should make the masses improve the awareness of burglar theft, grasp the common sense of burglar theft, and play the important role of the mass security organizations such as the property security. The enterprise prevention has introduced the market mechanism to the crime prevention system. It is a supplement to the social security management function and the need for the establishment and development of a diversified social security guard system. The prevention is by strengthening the protection of the target, reducing the crime income, reducing the crime stimulation, the formal monitoring, the environmental design, the neighborhood watch six aspects, the persistent organic change of the criminal environment, as far as possible to make the perpetrator realize the increase in the difficulty of the crime, the increase of the possibility of the arrest, the decrease of the income of the crime, so as to reduce the crime. This part and the third part of the crime are reduced. The point is the focus of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D918

【引证文献】