警察职务犯罪及防治对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 20:58

本文选题：警察 + 职务犯罪　；参考：《华东政法学院》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】： 当前警察腐败问题引人关注。作为国家重要的治安行政和刑事司法力量，警察的腐败势必影响政府廉洁高效的形象，甚至会动摇整个社会法治的根基，警察腐败问题值得高度重视。本文从职务犯罪这一腐败现象最严重的表现形式入手，结合犯罪学的犯罪原因基本理论以及警察行业的特殊性，分析了警察职务犯罪的现状、特点和成因，并就所述原因提出有针对性的防治对策。全文分为三章。第一章主要谈警察职务犯罪的概念、特征、现状和发展趋势预测，，提出当前警察职务犯罪主要有刑讯逼供、涉黑涉恶犯罪、贪污贿赂犯罪、滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私枉法、违法枪械使用规定致人死、伤或持枪杀人、伤害等犯罪；在警察职务犯罪中，领导干部占突出比例，发案率较高的警种主要是治安警、刑警、交警和看守所民警；集体犯罪、窝案串案突出，犯罪形式具有隐蔽性和欺骗性，且具有严重的社会危害性；警察职务犯罪在经过九十年代中后期腐败犯罪高峰期之后，其高发势头初步得到遏制，但仍处于一个易发的高风险区段；警察职务犯罪“热点”悄然变化，侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利的刑讯逼供等案件逐步减少，而以“不作为”表现形式的玩忽职守等渎职类案件却在增加；出入境管理部门正在成为警察职务犯罪的新“热点”。第二章系统分析警察职务犯罪的主客观原因，提出警察职务犯罪的客观因素包括经济、政治、法律和文化、体制、社会环境等因素，其中公安经费保障不足、警察物质待遇偏低，是警察职务犯罪的经济诱因，而警察职能过多、权力过大，相应的监督制约机制缺位和对警察职务犯罪惩处力度不够，导致犯罪低成本低风险，是警察职务犯罪的政治和法律因素。警察职务犯罪的主观因素包括个体道德、文化素质、法律意识和求利动机等。其个性特征概括起来有：道德、文化素质较低，意志薄弱，经不起权力诱惑；罪责感差，法制观念淡薄；警察个体求利动机在贪婪心理、吃亏补偿心理，侥幸心理和法不责众等几种心理因素的作用下得到异常强化，从而诱发警察职务犯罪。第三章针对警察职务犯罪的主客观因素，按照犯罪预防理论，借鉴古今中外的成功经验，提出实施以不敢为、不能为和不想为三个层次为内容的防治对策：即通过严厉惩治，加强监督，增加警察职务犯罪的风险，使之不敢为；通过完善立法，改革体制，规范、制约警察权力，减少警察职务犯罪机会，使之不能为；通过健全奖廉养廉机制和经常性教育活动，消除腐败动机，使之不想为。与此相应建立起关联配套的使之不敢为的惩治监督机制，不能为的防范制约机制和不想为的防腐自律机制，从而形成一个严密有效、良性循环的惩治和预防警察职务犯罪体系。
[Abstract]:The current problem of police corruption attracts much attention. As an important national security administration and criminal justice force, the corruption of the police is bound to affect the image of the government clean and efficient, and even shake the foundation of the rule of law in the whole society. Therefore, the problem of police corruption deserves high attention. Based on the basic theory of crime and the particularity of the police industry, this paper analyzes the present situation, characteristics and causes of the crime of police duty, which is the most serious form of corruption, combining with the basic theory of crime of criminology and the particularity of the police profession. And the prevention and cure countermeasures are put forward according to the reasons mentioned above. The full text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the concept, characteristics, present situation and development trend of the police duty crime, and points out that the current police duty crimes mainly include extortion of confession by torture, criminal involvement in crime, embezzlement and bribery, abuse of power, neglect of duty and bending the law for selfish ends. The provisions on the use of illegal firearms cause death, injure or murder with guns, and other crimes; among the crimes committed by police officers, leading cadres account for a prominent proportion, and the police categories with a relatively high incidence of crimes are mainly security police, criminal police, traffic police, and police officers in detention centres; and collective crimes, The criminal forms are concealed, deceptive, and have serious social harmfulness. After the peak period of corruption crimes in the mid and late 1990s, the high incidence of police duty crimes was initially contained. However, it is still in a high-risk section; the "hot spots" of police duty crimes have quietly changed, and the cases of infringing on citizens' personal rights, extorting confessions by torture and democratic rights have gradually decreased. However, the cases of dereliction of duty in the form of "omission" are increasing, and the immigration administration department is becoming a new "hot spot" of police duty crime. The second chapter systematically analyzes the subjective and objective reasons of the police duty crime, and points out that the objective factors of the police duty crime include economic, political, legal and cultural factors, system, social environment and so on. The low material treatment of the police is the economic inducement of the police duty crime, but the police function is too much, the power is too big, the corresponding supervision and restriction mechanism is absent and the punishment for the police duty crime is not enough, which leads to the low cost and low risk of the crime. It is the political and legal factor of police duty crime. The subjective factors of police duty crime include individual morality, cultural quality, legal consciousness and profit motive. Its personality features are summarized as follows: moral, low cultural quality, weak will, can not withstand the temptation of power; poor sense of guilt, weak concept of legal system; individual motive of the police in greed, loss compensation psychology, Under the action of several psychological factors, such as fluke psychology and legal blame, the police duty crime is induced. The third chapter aims at the subjective and objective factors of the police duty crime, according to the crime prevention theory, draws lessons from the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign successful experience, proposes to carry out the prevention and cure countermeasure which dare not to do, cannot and does not want for the three levels: namely through the stern punishment, Strengthen the supervision, increase the risk of the police duty crime, make it dare not to do, improve the legislation, reform the system, regulate, restrict the police power, reduce the opportunity of the police duty crime, make it impossible to do; By improving the mechanism and regular educational activities to eliminate the motivation of corruption, so that it does not want to. The relevant punishment and supervision mechanism which makes it afraid to do so, the prevention and restriction mechanism which can not be done and the anti-corrosion self-discipline mechanism which do not want to do are set up accordingly, thus forming a strict and effective system of punishing and preventing police duty crime in a virtuous circle.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D917.6

【引证文献】