中国二元户籍制度与户籍歧视的伦理思考

发布时间：2018-07-16 14:13

【摘要】： 中国现行的户籍制度管理模式主要是依据1958年《户口登记管理条例》确立的二元户籍制度。二元户籍制度是指以“户口迁移登记、审批制度”为中心，“以农业和非农业户口的严格区分”为特征的城乡有别的二元制度体系。这种二元户籍制度将人口分为农业户口和非农业户口，不同的户口享有不同的待遇，包括就业、教育、社会保障、福利待遇等，，然后严格限制两种户口之间的转换，由此损害了社会的平等与自由。改革开放后，户籍制度的弊端日益显现出来，关于户籍改革的呼声一浪高于一浪，政府开始重视并采取种种措施来消除户籍制度的弊端，学者们也越来越多地对现行的户籍制度进行研究和反思。本文将户籍制度纳入伦理学，尤其是应用伦理学的范围，从以下四个方面探讨了户籍制度问题。第一部分历史地考察二元户籍制度的发展和衍变。阐述了建国以来中国户籍制度的变迁与功能异化，分析了1985年以后户籍制度改革及现状。第二部分重点分析了二元户籍制度下的不平等与不自由：户籍歧视与迁徙自由限制。具体阐述了户籍歧视的主要表现：即社会保障、教育与就业权利的差别对待。分析了国内户籍制度对迁徙自由限制的特点及带来的严重后果，农民的贫困。第三部分主要分析了中国户籍制度的目的诉求与价值选择，重点阐述了中国的户籍制度的目的诉求是社会秩序稳定、效率与发展。第四部分论述了户籍制度改革的方向与伦理依据。阐述了中国户籍改革的伦理依据是追求自由，平等的价值诉求和实现程序正义的要求，改革的方向是实现从形式平等到实质平等，理由为形式平等并不必然导致结果的平等，有时甚至会导致结果的不平等，具体措施是进行制度补偿，即向农业、农民进行倾斜性的补偿。
[Abstract]:The current management mode of household registration system in China is mainly based on the dual household registration system established in 1958. The dual household registration system refers to the dual system of urban and rural areas with the center of "household registration and examination and approval system" and the "strict distinction between agricultural and non-agricultural hukou". This dual household registration system divides the population into agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou. Different hukou households enjoy different treatment, including employment, education, social security, welfare benefits, etc., and then strictly restrict the conversion between the two hukou. This damages the equality and freedom of society. After the reform and opening up, the malpractice of the household registration system appeared day by day, and the voice of the household registration reform was higher than the wave. The government began to attach importance to and take all kinds of measures to eliminate the malpractice of the household registration system. Scholars also more and more research and reflection on the current household registration system. This paper brings the household registration system into ethics, especially the scope of applied ethics, and probes into the household registration system from the following four aspects. The first part examines the development and evolution of the dual household registration system. This paper expounds the changes and functional alienation of the household registration system in China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and analyzes the reform and present situation of the household registration system after 1985. The second part focuses on the analysis of inequality and inliberty under the dual household registration system: the discrimination of household registration and the restriction of freedom of movement. This paper expounds the main manifestations of household registration discrimination: social security, discrimination between education and employment rights. This paper analyzes the characteristics and serious consequences of the restriction of freedom of migration by the household registration system in China, and the poverty of peasants. The third part mainly analyzes the purpose and value choice of the household registration system in China, focusing on the social order stability, efficiency and development of the household registration system in China. The fourth part discusses the direction and ethical basis of household registration system reform. This paper expounds that the ethical basis of Chinese household registration reform is the pursuit of freedom, the value demand of equality and the requirement of realizing procedural justice. The direction of reform is to realize from formal equality to substantive equality, and the reason is that formal equality does not necessarily lead to equality of results. Sometimes it can even lead to unequal results, the specific measures are institutional compensation, that is, to agriculture, farmers for compensation.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D631.42

【引证文献】