社区化管理：中国流动人口管理体制创新研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 07:02

【摘要】：大规模的人口迁移和流动，不仅推动了社会经济的繁荣、加速了社会经济结构的重组，促进了社会经济结构的改革，还改变着中国长期存在的城乡社会经济二元结构状况。随着城市化进程的不断推进，流动人口已成为中国社会经济的重要群体。但流动人口在城市中的社会融合是一个长期艰难的过程，目前，中国城市流动人口的社区参与程度依然较低，对城市的认同度不高；流动人口在发展社区关系网方面进展不快；城市居民对于流动人口群体对城市建设的积极贡献、正面认识不足，片面倾向流动人口是降低本地就业、影响社会稳定、破坏城市治安和恶化生活环境等负面效应，折射出城市市民对流动人口的不满与排斥。尽管近年来国家层面不断强调基本公共服务均等化、公共政策人性化，特别提倡给予流动人口以市民待遇和服务，但治安管理拓展型流动人口管理体制仍然被中国大多数省市所采用，社区居民与流动人口之间更多表现为歧视与容忍的关系。在社区范畴，通过对社区资源、文化和功能的整合，增强社区和谐、凝聚，使城市居民和流动人口共享社区资源和发展，应成为流动人口管理体制创新的一个目标。中国流动人口管理体制改革创新既是社会经济发展外部环境发生变化的必然结果，也是政策内容与当前行政资源状况、政治经济体制相互适应、政府执政理念从管理向服务转变的必然选择。建国以来，中国人口迁移流动的管理政策在客观约束条件和主观管理理念的不断变化中逐步推进和完善：从对人口迁移流动的限制，到对人口流动的允许；从对人口盲目流动的限制，到对人口流动的规范和引导，推进人口流动的有序化、合理化，逐步实现城乡劳动力市场一体化及城乡统筹就业的长远目标。目前，中国流动人口社会融合工作才开始起步，整体处于较低水平。尽管政府部门近年来努力实现对流动人口的同管理、同服务，积极落实措施，扫除融合障碍，但鉴于管理主体的治安管理模式、管理客体的流动特点以及管理效能的不足，中国社会的融合进展仍然较为缓慢，探讨中国流动人口管理体制改革、创新必然成为时势所需。流动人口管理不当并非单纯的流动人口管理问题，而更多的是相关社会管理和公共服务的问题。本文研究角度从以往的流动人口管理转向服务，通过对中国流动人口管理发展历程的研究，对当前流动人口管理存在的问题及其原因进行分析，以广州市番禺区为实证考察，通过对当前流动人口管理的难点和需求等核心问题分析，，研究中国流动人口管理体制创新中社区化管理的必要性和重要性，探索社区化管理的方向和做法，以进一步加强社会管理，完善公共服务，促进流动人口的和谐融入。
[Abstract]:The large-scale population migration and migration not only promote the prosperity of social economy, accelerate the restructuring of social economic structure, promote the reform of social economic structure, but also change the long-existing dual structure of urban and rural social economy in China. With the development of urbanization, floating population has become an important social and economic group in China. However, the social integration of floating population in the city is a long and difficult process. At present, the degree of community participation of floating population in China is still low, the degree of identity to the city is not high, and the progress of the floating population in the development of community relationship network is not rapid. Urban residents do not have a positive understanding of the positive contribution of floating population groups to urban construction. The one-sided tendency of floating population is to reduce local employment, affect social stability, destroy urban public order and worsen the living environment, and so on. Reflects the urban residents of the floating population of dissatisfaction and exclusion. Despite the emphasis placed on equalization of basic public services at the national level in recent years, the humanization of public policies and, in particular, the promotion of civil treatment and services for the floating population, However, the expanded floating population management system of public security management is still adopted by most provinces and cities in China, and the relationship between community residents and floating population is more discrimination and tolerance. In the community category, through the integration of community resources, culture and function, enhancing community harmony and cohesion, making urban residents and floating population share community resources and development should become a goal of the innovation of floating population management system. The reform and innovation of China's floating population management system is not only the inevitable result of the changes in the external environment of social and economic development, but also the policy content and the current situation of administrative resources, and the mutual adaptation of political and economic systems. The inevitable choice of the concept of government administration from management to service. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the management policy of population migration has been gradually promoted and perfected in the constant changes of objective constraints and subjective management concepts: from the restrictions on population migration to the permit of population mobility; From the restriction on the blind flow of population to the standardization and guidance of population mobility, we should promote the ordering and rationalization of population mobility, and gradually realize the long-term goal of integration of urban and rural labor market and overall employment between urban and rural areas. At present, the social integration of floating population in China began to start, the overall level is low. In recent years, the government departments have made great efforts to achieve the same management of the floating population, the same service, the active implementation of measures and the removal of obstacles to integration, but in view of the security management mode of the management subject, the mobility characteristics of the management object and the insufficiency of the management effectiveness, The integration of Chinese society is still slow. It is necessary to probe into the reform of Chinese floating population management system. The improper management of floating population is not only a problem of floating population management, but also a problem of social management and public service. In this paper, from the perspective of the former floating population management to service, through the study of China's floating population management development process, the current floating population management problems and their causes are analyzed, taking Panyu District of Guangzhou as an empirical study. Based on the analysis of the difficulties and demands of the current floating population management, this paper studies the necessity and importance of the community management in the innovation of the floating population management system in China, and explores the direction and practice of the community management. In order to further strengthen social management, improve public services, promote the harmonious integration of the floating population.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D631.42

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