养老服务业发展的政策工具选择及案例应用

发布时间：2018-01-08 02:00

本文关键词：养老服务业发展的政策工具选择及案例应用　出处：《山东财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口结构变化、经济周期调整以及产业转型升级使发展养老服务业的工作面临新的挑战和机遇。在如此复杂而严峻的背景下,研究如何应用公共政策工具促进养老服务业的发展具有重要的实践价值。新时期发展养老服务业需要对政策体制继续创新,也需要对政策工具进行匹配、组合与优化。我国的养老服务业自新中国萌芽以来,经历了萌芽孕育、探索发展、体系建立、快速发展等四个时期。发展过程中虽然取得了一定的成绩,但问题仍然复杂且棘手。比如,发展理念受局限;市场化水平低,产业发展受限;物质配套政策跟不上;从业人员服务水平不高;缺少后期维护,致使管理混乱等。要解决诸如以上问题,就需要落实到政策层面,而政策工具是实现政策目标的有效桥梁。本研究通过梳理政策工具的分类方式,重新确立了强制性工具、经济性工具、服务性工具、指导性工具的分类方法,并基于此构建了养老服务业中的政策工具分析框架,对框架内涵进行深入分析,同时探求了养老服务业发展的政策工具选择的内在逻辑。应用该框架,分析如何运用各类政策工具满足老年人的不同类型需求。强制性工具具有基础性作用、占有全局性地位,适用于解决宏观性、长期性的养老问题。资料分析显示,当国家拥有高度权威时运用效果更好,所以更适应于中央权力集中的国家和地区。经济性工具具有主体性、市场化的特点。经济性工具的使用与市场发育程度密切关联,当市场化程度高,政府财力充足,政策实施又可以以金钱量化时,其使用效果最为良好。服务性工具的行动主体不单单是政府,更多的是志愿者个人或组织,因此服务性工具具有显然的自主性。它在公民志愿热情高的地区会有更好地发挥。指导性工具是其他工具类型的补充手段,它常常是为了满足老年人高层次地需求而服务的。因此公民社会发展较为成熟的地区会更多地使用指导性工具。结果发现,如果养老服务业的政策目标是宏观性、基础性的,政府可以采取建立法律法规、监督检查、政府管制等强制性工具。如果政策项目操作性强,且政府财力充足,那么政府可以考虑采取经济性工具。如果政策项目接受度较高,且具有较小的外部效应时,政府可以动员家庭、社区和志愿组织等服务性工具发挥其功能来缓解政府压力。当国家发展程度较高,公民意识较强时,政府可以考虑使用指导性工具作为补充发展。
[Abstract]:The changes of population structure, the adjustment of economic cycle and the upgrading of industry make the development of old-age service facing new challenges and opportunities. It is of great practical value to study how to use public policy tools to promote the development of old-age service industry. In the new era, the development of pension service industry needs to continue to innovate the policy system, and also need to match the policy tools. Combination and optimization. Since the beginning of New China, China's pension service industry has experienced four periods of germination, exploration and development, system establishment and rapid development. Although certain achievements have been made in the process of development. But the problem remains complex and intractable. For example, the concept of development is limited; The level of marketization is low and the development of industry is limited; Material policy can not keep up with; The service level of employees is not high; Lack of late maintenance, resulting in management confusion. To solve such problems as the above, we need to implement to the policy level. Policy tools are an effective bridge to achieve policy objectives. Through combing the classification of policy tools, this study re-established mandatory tools, economic tools, service tools, guidance tools classification methods. Based on this, this paper constructs the framework of policy tools analysis in the pension service industry, analyzes the connotation of the framework, and explores the internal logic of the choice of policy tools for the development of the pension service industry. Analysis of how to use various policy tools to meet the different types of needs of the elderly. Mandatory tools have a basic role, occupy a general position, applicable to solve the macro. Long-term pension problems. The data analysis shows that when the country has a high degree of authority, the use of better results, so more suitable for the central power concentration of countries and regions. Economic tools have subjectivity. The use of economic tools is closely related to the degree of market development, when the degree of marketization is high, the government has sufficient financial resources, and the implementation of policies can be quantified by money. The main body of the service tool is not only the government, but also the volunteer individual or organization. Therefore, the service tool has obvious autonomy. It will play a better role in the area where the citizen volunteer enthusiasm is high. The guidance tool is the supplementary means of other tool types. It is often served to meet the high-level needs of older persons. As a result, more guidance tools are used in areas where civil society is more mature. If the policy goal of the old-age service industry is macro and basic, the government can adopt mandatory tools such as establishing laws and regulations, supervision and inspection, government control, etc. If the policy project is operational, and the government has sufficient financial resources. Then the government can consider adopting economic tools. If the policy project is more receptive and has less external effect, the government can mobilize the family. Service tools such as community and voluntary organizations play their role to relieve government pressure. When the state has a higher level of development and a strong sense of citizenship, the government may consider using the guidance tool as a supplementary development.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D669.6

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