清代养老思想与措施研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 00:51

本文关键词： 清代养老制度与措施养老思想　出处：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在“以孝治天下”的思想政治纲领之下,清代制定了一系列尊老养老的孝治政策,都是对前代养老制度和措施的进一步发展和完善。本文以清代为背景,采用文献法对清代的养老思想与制度进行研究,探索其对健全我国现行的养老制度的启示作用。清代有着自己的时代特征,在清代特有的时代背景之下,.其养老思想与制度也体现出自己的独有表现,包括社会的尊老敬老共识、民间力量的积极参与及壮大等特征。清代在入关后继承了以前的养老思想,并且根据自己的政治需要对其进行了新的发展与扩充。一是明确将“以孝治天下”放置在思想政治纲领的高度上,使尊老敬老之风更甚；二是统治者吸取前代的教训,意识到收养孤老法律健全的重要性,在养济院创设之际同时着手监督体系的建立；三是礼待高年的新创,在紫禁城内骑马代表着皇帝对年老大臣的一种优待。同时,清代的养老制度是一个全方位的体系,宗族制度、法令制度、官方的养老体制以及民间恤老体制等都是对清代养老的完善,再加之配套的具体措施,使得清代养老呈现出相互补充上下一体的特征。宗族制度方面,清朝统治者深刻意识到宗族制在维系自身统治和贯彻国家政策方面的重要性,因此,将孝治渗入到宗族中。法令制度方面,一是对年老犯罪者的宽待,二是对不孝子孙的法律处置,三是清廷将留存养亲的状况做了更为细致的区分。官方的养老体制方面,养济院作为一个常设的官办养老机构,在收养社会孤贫老人发面发挥着极大的作用,留养局来临时性地收养那些外来的孤苦无依之人,为他们提供短暂的食宿与衣服棉被。民间的恤老体制方面则体现在民间养老机构的创设以及工商行会自助组织的发展方面。在以上体制下,清代运用旌表孝行、社会教化及礼待高年等各项措施保障养老制度的推行,掀起古代又一次尊老敬老高潮。清代养老研究的现代启示意义在于,对清代养老的研究,能从清代的养老思想与措施中把握其精华,结合现代中国养老现状,为现代中国养老制度的完善健全与措施的实施提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Under the ideological and political program of "governing the world with filial piety", the Qing Dynasty formulated a series of filial piety policies of respecting the elderly and providing for the aged, which were the further development and improvement of the pension system and measures of the previous generation. This paper takes the Qing Dynasty as the background. This paper studies the thought and system of the aged in Qing Dynasty by using the literature method, and explores its enlightening effect on the improvement of the current pension system in China. The Qing Dynasty has its own characteristics of the times, under the background of the unique era of the Qing Dynasty. Its pension thought and system also reflect its own unique performance, including the social consensus of respecting the old and respecting the elderly, the active participation and expansion of folk forces, and so on. And has carried on the new development and the expansion according to own political need. One is to place "the filial piety governs the world" in the ideological and political program high altitude, causes the respect for the old and respects the old to be more serious; Second, the rulers learned the lessons of the previous generation, realized the importance of the law of the adoption of orphans, and set about the establishment of the supervision system at the time of the establishment of the foster and economic hospital; Third, the ceremony to the new year, riding in the Forbidden City represents a preferential treatment of the emperor to the old minister. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty pension system is a comprehensive system, clan system, legal system. The official pension system and folk pension system are the improvement of the Qing Dynasty pension, coupled with supporting specific measures, so that the Qing Dynasty pension presents a complementary feature of the upper and lower levels. Clan system. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were deeply aware of the importance of clan system in maintaining their own rule and carrying out national policies. Therefore, filial piety was infiltrated into the clan. The second is the legal treatment of unfilial offspring, and the third is that the Qing court made a more detailed distinction between the status of keeping relatives and raising relatives. In terms of the official pension system, the Yangji Hospital is a permanent government-run pension institution. In the adoption of the society of the poor elderly hair play a great role, stay in the Bureau of temporary adoption of those who are isolated and dependent on the outside. To provide them with temporary accommodation and clothing quilts. The folk pension system is reflected in the establishment of private pension institutions and the development of self-help organizations. Under the above system, the Qing Dynasty used piety. Various measures such as social education and waiting for the senior year to ensure the implementation of the old-age system set off another upsurge of respect for the old and respect for the elderly in ancient times. The modern enlightenment of the research on the aged in the Qing Dynasty lies in the study of the old-age care in the Qing Dynasty. It can grasp its essence from the thoughts and measures of the Qing Dynasty, combine with the present situation of the aged in modern China, and provide reference for the perfection and perfection of the pension system in modern China and the implementation of the measures.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D691.9

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