种族主义对美国涉华外交政策的影响

发布时间：2018-01-26 02:37

本文关键词： 美国种族主义文化种族主义对华外交政策应对策略　出处：《燕山大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国人在政治精英和民众中,都有根深蒂固的种族等级观念,美国的种族主义文化背景不能不影响美国的对外政策。种族主义在美国的对外关系上,早期是为侵略扩张和压迫其他民族国家辩护的理论借口,在当代则是推行全球霸权战略的意识形态工具。在中美关系中,美国的对华外交政策也深受种族主义观念的影响,在历史上,美国早期的“黄祸论”论证排华政策的正当性;在新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来,美国则基于文化种族主义的认知,散布“中国威胁论”、“中国傲慢论”等,诋毁中国发展道路和中国发展模式的成功经验,掩饰“西方文化中心主义”的傲慢和偏见,遏制中国崛起的步伐。论文把种族主义作为影响美国涉华外交政策的重要因素,以美国种族主义的历史变迁为依托,以历史研究法为基本研究方法,辅以文献研究的方法,论证了种族主义与美国涉华外交政策之间的内在联系。首先,论文分析了美国的种族主义的历史和文化背景。从种族主义的概念入手,论文对美国的种族主义的发展传承、本质及其对美国外交政策的影响做出了阐述。其次,论文阐述了美国对华外交政策背后的种族主义意识形态。论文指出,美国眼中的东方形象和中国形象具有固定的模式,如专制独裁、不尊重人权等,美国又根据这些模式创造了“黄祸论”、“中国威胁论”、“中国傲慢论”等,这些言论背后隐藏着种族主义的偏见,影响着美国的对华决策并服务于对华战略。最后,论文认为:种族主义在美国有着特定的文化根源,不易消除,而面对美国的种族主义给中国带来的持续危害,中国需要不断提升文化软实力,并努力增强本国的国际话语权。
[Abstract]:Americans have deep-rooted racial hierarchy in both the political elite and the public. The racist cultural background of the United States cannot but affect the foreign policy of the United States. Racism is in the foreign relations of the United States. The early days were theoretical excuses to justify aggression, expansion and oppression of other nation-states, and in contemporary times they were ideological tools for pursuing the strategy of global hegemony. The American foreign policy toward China is also influenced by racist ideas. In history, the early "yellow peril" of the United States proved the legitimacy of the anti-China policy. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the United States based on the knowledge of cultural racism, spread the "China threat", "China arrogance" and so on. Vilification of China's development path and successful experience of China's development model to disguise the arrogance and prejudice of "Western cultural centrism". The thesis regards racism as an important factor influencing the foreign policy of the United States concerning China, relying on the historical changes of American racism and taking the historical research method as the basic research method. With the method of literature research, this paper demonstrates the internal relationship between racism and American foreign policy concerning China. Firstly, the paper analyzes the historical and cultural background of racism in the United States, starting with the concept of racism. The thesis expounds the development and inheritance of racism in the United States, its essence and its influence on American foreign policy. Secondly, it expounds the racist ideology behind the foreign policy of the United States towards China. The images of the East and China in the eyes of the United States have fixed patterns, such as autocratic dictatorship, disrespect for human rights, and so on. According to these models, the United States has created the "yellow peril theory", "China threat theory", "China arrogance theory" and so on. Behind these remarks there is a racist bias, which influences the American policy toward China and serves the strategy of China. Finally, the paper argues that racism has a specific cultural origin in the United States and is difficult to eliminate. In the face of the continuing harm to China caused by racism in the United States, China needs to constantly enhance its cultural soft power and strive to enhance its international discourse power.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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