我国农村机构养老面临的现实困境及其对策研究——基于Z省B县的个案调查

发布时间：2018-01-26 19:56

本文关键词： 农村老人机构养老人口老龄化养老服务体系养老模式养老现实困境　出处：《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,我国人口老龄化趋势不断加剧,人口的急剧变迁导致农村老年人口占老年人总人口的比重逐渐增大。与此同时,家庭规模小型化、家庭结构变迁以及城镇化的不断推进,造成农村家庭养老功能逐渐削弱,这预示农村社会养老需求不断扩大。机构养老是社会养老的重要内容之一,应在农村社会养老服务体系中具有"支撑"地位,但目前农村机构养老存在诸多问题,主要表现为机构数量匮乏、服务内容单一、基础设施不完善、运营状况不佳而难以满足老年人多样化、多层次的养老需求。其主要原因在于机构养老供给主体单一,社会资本难以融入,使得机构养老模式僵化,行政性质过于显著;机构内部发展不完善,医养、养护、伦理关怀三大功能相互脱离;机构准入标准不明确、政府财政补贴不到位、老人的机构养老购买能力低下。建议在现有机构养老基础上建立农村机构养老PPP管理模式,形成统一管理部门,使社会资本融入农村机构养老体系中;将农村公办敬老院托管给民营养老机构,形成托管式公建民营养老院,构建多元主体的机构养老模式;完善机构内部管理方式,对入住老人采取分类管理,在农村养老机构中形成差别式供给,并注入人文关怀理念;加大政府财政投入力度,优化补贴方式,简化补贴程序;制定统一的机构准入标准;形成相关法律和监督机制,加强对机构运营状况和财政补贴落实情况的监督。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the aging trend of population in China has been increasing, and the rapid change of population has led to the increase of the proportion of the rural elderly population in the total population of the elderly. At the same time, the family size is miniaturized. Family structure changes and urbanization continue to promote, resulting in the gradual weakening of rural family pension function, which indicates that the demand for rural social pension is expanding. Institutional pension is one of the important contents of social pension. Should have "support" status in the rural social pension service system, but at present there are many problems in the rural institutional pension, mainly for the lack of the number of institutions, service content is single, infrastructure is not perfect. The main reason is that the main reason is that the main body of institutional pension supply is single, the social capital is difficult to integrate, which makes the institutional pension model rigid. The administrative nature is too obvious; The internal development of the organization is not perfect, the medical care, the maintenance, and the ethical care are separated from each other; The institutional admission standards are not clear, the government financial subsidies are not in place, and the institutional pension purchase ability of the elderly is low. It is suggested that the rural institutional pension PPP management model be established on the basis of the existing institutional pension. Form a unified management department to integrate social capital into the rural institutional pension system; The rural public homes for the aged will be entrusted to private pension institutions, forming a trust type of public building private nursing homes, building a pluralistic institutional pension model; Perfecting the internal management mode of the institution, adopting the classification management to the old people, forming the differentiated supply in the rural old-age care institution, and injecting the humanistic care idea; Increase the government financial input, optimize the subsidy method, simplify the subsidy procedure; Establishing uniform institutional access standards; Form relevant laws and supervision mechanisms to strengthen supervision over the operation of institutions and the implementation of financial subsidies.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学社会学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(16BRK025)
【分类号】：D669.6
【正文快照】： 一、问题提出20世纪90年代起,我国老龄化趋势不断加剧,养老问题成为影响我国社会发展的突出问题,相关数据显示,2015年末我国60岁以上老年人口已经达到2.22亿,占总人口的16.1%,未来20年我国人口老龄化形势将更加严峻[1]。其中农村老龄化问题更为突出,据2013年国务院政策研究办

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