“天人之际”—中国文明的“话语权威外化”

发布时间：2018-01-28 13:38

本文关键词： 话语权威外化文明权力结构余英时绝地天通受命建德　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于中西文明的"大分流"问题。政权与话语权的相互关系决定了一个文明在文明竞争之中的表现。国家权力由政权与话语权共同构成。国家权力内部的政权与话语权的相互关系是文明权力结构的关键。不同的政权与话语权相互关系,决定了不同文明的国家权力的强度的不同与社会自治发展程度的不同,进而决定了不同文明的社会整合能力与社会自我更新能力的不同。关于文明的类型问题。根据不同文明的文明权力结构类型的不同,可以将诸文明分为三类。第一,"受命建德"中国文明类型,即政权掌握话语权。第二,"上帝的归上帝,凯撒的归凯撒"的西方文明类型,即政权与话语权彼此独立。第三,"万物非主,唯有真主,穆罕默德是真主的使者"的伊斯兰文明类型,即话语权反过来掌控政权。西方文明之所能在大分流中脱颖而出,原因就在于其特有的政权与话语之间的相互关系的模式。在这种模式之下,社会自治得以在政治经济与思想等诸方面获得更大的发展,因而产生出资本主义政治与经济制度、近现代科学技术。关于中国文明的性质与分期。中国文明的属性在于话语权威外化,即政权掌握话语权。中国古代史可分四期。第一期以"绝地天通"为开端,是中国文明的孕育期。"绝地天通"的对象就是降神巫术。氏族贵族阶层通过控制祭祀与降神巫术,来实现对话语权的集体控制。第二期以"文王受命"为开端,中国文明正式成熟。"文王受命",就是王权垄断话语权。"天子建德"就是以封建制与嫡长子继承制贯彻王权对话语权的垄断。周人创造出"文王孙子,本支百世。凡周之士,丕显奕世"的基于血缘的天命解释论来支撑王权对话语权的掌控。第三期,战国以后原有的基于血缘的天命解释论崩溃,"五德终始"、"天人感应"的成为天命解释论的主体。第四期,宋以后"五德终始"、"天人感应"对天命解释论的价值受到质疑,理学的伦理的视角成为主体。关于"天人之际"。燎祭是中国文明精神世界的基础,"天人之际"所包含的"中"、"帝"、"天"、"示"、"主"、"王"、"气"、"德"、"命"、"义"、"礼乐"等诸概念都出于燎祭。"中"就是合乎天命;"中国"就是得天命之国;"中庸",就是用"中",即遵从天命。
[Abstract]:On the "Great diversion" of Chinese and Western Civilization. The relationship between political power and discourse power determines the performance of a civilization in the competition of civilization. State power is composed of power and discourse power. The interrelationship between power and discourse power is the right of civilization. The key to the structure of power. The relationship between different regimes and the right to speak. It determines the different intensity of state power of different civilizations and the different degree of development of social autonomy. Then it determines the difference between the ability of social integration and the ability of social self-renewal of different civilizations. On the type of civilization. According to the different types of civilizational power structure. The civilizations can be divided into three types: first, the type of Chinese civilization of "being ordered to build morality", that is, the power of power to hold the right to speak; second, the type of Western civilization of "God belongs to God, Caesar belongs to Caesar". Third, "everything is not the Lord, only God, Mohamed is the messenger of God" type of Islamic civilization. That is, the right to speak in turn controls the regime. What Western civilization can stand out in the great separation lies in its unique model of the relationship between power and discourse. Under this model. Social autonomy has been able to achieve greater development in political economy and ideology, thus resulting in capitalist political and economic system. Modern science and technology. About the nature and stages of Chinese civilization. The attribute of Chinese civilization lies in the externalization of discourse authority, that is, the regime holds the right to speak. The ancient history of China can be divided into four phases. The first phase begins with the "Jedi Tiantong". It is the gestation period of Chinese civilization. The object of Jedi Tatong is deity witchcraft. The clan aristocrats control sacrifice and deity witchcraft. To realize the collective control over the right to speak. The second stage begins with "King Wen being ordered", and Chinese civilization matures formally. "King Wen is ordered". That is, Wang Quan monopolized the right to speak. "the son of Heaven" is to carry out the monopoly of the right of speech by feudal system and the inheritance system of the first son of the first son. Zhou people created the "Wen Wang Sun Tzu, born in a hundred generations." In the third period, after the warring States period, the original interpretation theory based on consanguinity collapsed, "the end of the five virtues". "Induction of Heaven and Man" became the main body of the theory of interpretation of God's destiny. In the 4th issue, after the Song Dynasty, the value of the theory of the interpretation of the destiny was questioned by the "Induction of Heaven and Man", "the end of the five virtues". The ethical perspective of Neo-Confucianism becomes the subject. On "the occasion of Heaven and Man", the Liao sacrifice is the basis of the spiritual world of Chinese civilization. "the time of Heaven and Man" includes "Zhong", "Emperor", "Heaven", "manifestation" and "Lord". The concepts of "king", "qi", "virtue", "life", "righteousness" and "ritual music" are all derived from sacrifice. "China" is the country of destiny; The "moderate mean" is the use of "moderate", that is, obeying the destiny.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D61

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