《全面禁止核试验条约》的核查机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 16:14

本文关键词： 国际监测系统现场视察条约筹备委员会　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在认识到核武器带来的灾难性后果之后,为了实现有步骤地削减核武器进而彻底消除核武器的目标,全面禁止核试验这一议题被提上日程。世界各国于1996年就《全面禁止核试验条约》(Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,以下简称《条约》)达成一致,它将核武器试验爆炸及任何其他核爆炸扩大至全面禁止的程度,是里程碑式的、前所未有的国际合作的成果。目前《条约》已有183个签署国,166个批准国,可见世界各国的履约意愿居高不下。然而受制于严格的生效条件,《条约》一直未发生法律效力。根据《条约》的规定,核查机制建立的目的是监督各国的遵约状况。一个独立、有效的核查机制对于加快《条约》的生效进程意义重大,尤其是国际监测系统和现场视察制度的作用不容忽视,而条约筹备委员会的设立则为核查机制的有效运行提供了组织和技术保障。在关注《条约》核查机制带来的诸多突破性进展的同时,核查机制从制度设置到执行遇到的诸多挑战也应引起相应的重视,如缺乏强制执行力、核大国滥用现场视察、新的业务挑战等。目前中国在配合《条约》核查机制方面取得了阶段性成果,从条约组织筹备委员会负责人对中国首个监测台站——兰州台站的高度评价便可见一斑。然而,受到美国等核大国模糊政策的影响,中国在国内批约问题上困难重重。如何在维护国家利益的前提下,继续发挥在核查机制建设和运行领域的作用,加快《条约》的生效进程,成为摆在中国面前的一个重要议题之一。本文借助历史分析法、文本分析法和比较分析法的方法来开展研究。首先从《条约》的基本内容引出核查机制,并与相关核不扩散国际协定进行了比较分析;其次对《条约》的核查机制框架下的国际监测系统和现场视察制度进行分别研究,提出了各自在《条约》未生效的前提下存在的适用困难,并给出了相应的完善建议;再次对核查机制的组织机构筹备委员会进行研究,综合分析了缔约国大会、执行理事会和技术秘书处各自在核查制度方面的规定,明确了组织未来的发展方向。最后,结合中国在配合《条约》核查制度方面的相关实践,进一步分析了相关立场,以期提高其在完善《条约》核查机制领域、进而实现在《条约》生效目标的事务上提高国家话语权的目的。在核查机制从理论及实践层面得到改善的前提下,“无核世界”的建立指日可待。
[Abstract]:In recognition of the disastrous consequences of nuclear weapons, the goal of the systematic reduction of nuclear weapons leading to their total elimination is achieved. The issue of a comprehensive nuclear test ban is on the agenda. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. The agreement reached by the Treaty to extend nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions to a total ban is a landmark. The achievement of unprecedented international cooperation. At present, the Treaty has 183 signatories and 166 ratifications, which shows that the willingness of the world countries to implement the treaty remains high. However, it is subject to strict conditions for entry into force. The Treaty has not been given legal effect. Under the Treaty, the verification mechanism was established to monitor the compliance of States... an independent. Effective verification mechanisms are important to accelerate the entry into force of the Treaty, particularly the role of the International Monitoring system and the on-site inspection system. The establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Treaty provides organizational and technical support for the effective operation of the verification mechanism, while paying close attention to the many breakthroughs brought about by the verification mechanism of the Treaty. The challenges to verification mechanisms from regime setting to implementation should also be given due attention, such as the lack of enforcement power and the abuse of on-site inspections by nuclear Powers. New business challenges and so on. At present, China has achieved phased results in cooperating with the verification mechanism of the Treaty. The comments made by the head of the Preparatory Committee for the Treaty Organization on China's first monitoring station, Lanzhou Station, can be seen. However, it is affected by the vague policies of the United States and other nuclear powers. On the premise of safeguarding the national interests, China will continue to play its role in the construction and operation of the verification mechanism and speed up the process of entry into force of the Treaty. This paper uses the methods of historical analysis, text analysis and comparative analysis to carry out the research. Firstly, the verification mechanism is derived from the basic contents of the Treaty. A comparative analysis was made with relevant international agreements on nuclear non-proliferation; Secondly, the international monitoring system (IMS) and the on-site inspection system (OSI) under the verification mechanism of the Treaty are studied separately, and the difficulties of application under the premise of the non-entry into force of the Treaty are put forward. The corresponding suggestions are given. The Preparatory Committee for the Organization of the Verification Mechanism was again studied and the provisions of the Assembly of States parties, the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat on the verification regime were analysed in a comprehensive manner. Finally, combined with the relevant practice of China in cooperating with the verification system of the Treaty, this paper further analyzes the relevant positions in order to improve the field of perfecting the verification mechanism of the Treaty. Thus, the purpose of enhancing the state's right of speech in the matter of the entry into force of the Treaty can be realized. On the premise of improving the verification mechanism in theory and practice, the establishment of a "nuclear-free world" is imminent.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.8;D815.2

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