杏花岭区统筹城乡养老服务问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 08:37

本文关键词： 养老服务统筹城乡城乡差别　出处：《山西财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生活水平和医疗技术的不断进步，日益庞大的老年人口早已不满足于单纯的社会养老保险提供，他们对优质、完善、系统的养老保障服务提出了要求。近年来，我国政府不断完善社会保障制度，以求满足老年人口的养老服务需求，但是在城乡二元体制下构建起的养老服务体系呈现出城乡分割，两极分化的态势：城镇初步形成了形式多样，高覆盖率，高标准的养老服务体系，而农村养老服务体系形式单一，覆盖率和保障水平都很低，在许多养老服务项目供给上甚至呈空缺状态。要实现党中央“老有所养”的制度目标，也为使农村老年人口享有与城镇老年人口同等的权益，统筹城乡养老服务建设迫在眉睫。杏花岭区，太原市市政府所在地、山西省老龄工作示范区、城乡一体化改革新区，下辖“十城两乡”（十个城区街道办和两个乡），拥有约65.39万人口。杏花岭区于2010年步入人口老龄化，虽然进入老龄化城市的时间仅有短短四年，但老龄化速度很快，城乡养老服务发展差异明显。因此，无论从政治表率角度，还是文化宣传角度讲，都应在统筹城乡养老服务工作上承担更多责任。本文在实地走访调查和数据收集的基础上，对杏花岭区老年人口的结构特征和经济特征进行了说明，，并运用比较分析的方法整理调查问卷所收集回的数据，发现杏花岭区城乡养老服务建设在——家庭养老效能、居家养老服务供需、养老机构建设、医疗保健状况、养老服务满意度，五个方面存在较大差别，若不及时采取有效措施，统筹城乡养老服务建设，将为杏花岭区经济和社会发展带来诸多不良效应。杏花岭区城乡养老服务之所以存在较大差别，城乡分割的二元体制是其形成的根本原因，而养老服务体系建设中统筹规划的缺乏，农村“老龄化”、“空巢化”现象严重与农村养老服务诉求机制缺失并存两大因素又加剧了这一差别，造成城乡间差距不断扩大。国外日本和澳大利亚两国，国内潍坊、大连、湖州三市独具特色的统筹城乡养老服务实践经验为我们提供了一些借鉴，但照搬照抄不是解决之道，统筹杏花岭区城乡养老服务还需在结合杏花岭区城乡不同的需求特点、资源特点及管理水平、经济发展水平的思路下，根据实际情况具体实施。本文通过系统分析，得出杏花岭区统筹城乡养老服务的四大对策：一是树立城乡统筹的发展理念，依靠政府主导推进；二是制定系统化的法律规范和相关的政策标准；三是提升养老服务从业人员素质，扩大志愿者队伍；四是统筹城乡养老服务的配套改革措施。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of living standards and medical technology, the increasingly large number of elderly people have not been satisfied with the provision of simple social old-age insurance. They have put forward requirements for high-quality, perfect and systematic old-age security services in recent years. Our government has constantly improved the social security system in order to meet the needs of the elderly population, but the pension service system constructed under the dual system of urban and rural areas presents a urban-rural division. The trend of polarization: cities and towns have initially formed a diversified, high coverage and high standard old-age service system, while the rural old-age service system has a single form, and the coverage and security levels are very low. In order to realize the system goal of "security for the aged" of the Party Central Committee, and to make the old people in rural areas enjoy the same rights as the old people in cities and towns, it is urgent to plan the construction of the old-age service in urban and rural areas. Xinghualing District, seat of Taiyuan Municipal Government, Shanxi Province Aging work demonstration District, New area of Urban-Rural Integration Reform, Under the jurisdiction of "ten cities and two townships" (10 urban streets and two townships), there are about 653,900 people. In 2010, the Xinghualing District has an aging population. Although it has only been in an aging city for only four years, the aging rate is fast. The development of urban and rural old-age service is obviously different. Therefore, both from the perspective of political model and cultural propaganda, we should take more responsibility in the overall planning of urban and rural old-age service. On the basis of field survey and data collection, this paper explains the structural and economic characteristics of the elderly population in Xinghualing District, and makes use of the method of comparative analysis to sort out the data collected from the questionnaire. It is found that there are great differences in the construction of urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing district in the following five aspects: family old-age efficiency, home old-age service supply and demand, old-age institution construction, medical care status, pension service satisfaction, and so on. If effective measures are not taken in time, Planning the construction of urban and rural pension services will bring many adverse effects to the economic and social development of Xinghualing District. The reason why there is a big difference between urban and rural old-age care services in Xinghualing District is that the dual system of urban-rural separation is the fundamental reason for its formation, and the lack of overall planning in the construction of the old-age service system. The phenomenon of "aging" and "empty nesting" in rural areas and the absence of rural old-age service demand mechanism have aggravated this difference, resulting in a widening gap between urban and rural areas. Japan and Australia abroad, Weifang and Dalian in China, The unique practical experience of planning urban and rural old-age service in Huzhou three cities provides us with some reference, but copying copy is not the solution. It is also necessary to combine the different needs of urban and rural areas in Xinghualing district to coordinate the urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing district. Resources characteristics and management level, the level of economic development under the train of thought, according to the actual situation of specific implementation. Through systematic analysis, this paper draws four countermeasures to coordinate the urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing District: first, to establish the development concept of urban and rural planning, to rely on the government to promote it, second, to formulate systematic legal norms and relevant policy standards; Third, improve the quality of pension service practitioners, expand the contingent of volunteers; fourth, coordinate urban and rural pension services supporting reform measures.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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