基于时间银行的居家互助养老模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 07:22

本文关键词： 老年人互助养老时间银行双边匹配服务质量度量　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：据全国第六次人口普查统计数据显示,我国60岁以上人口比重上升,0-14岁人口比重下降,人口年龄结构上层的膨胀和底部的收缩使得我国人口老龄化问题呈现出越来越严峻的趋势。与此同时,目前我国养老服务体系建设却仍然处于起步阶段,还存在着许多与国家的新形势、新任务、新目标、新需求不相适应的问题。再加上人口流动频繁带来的整个人口工作的复杂性和养老资源的严重缺乏,家庭养老和机构养老等养老方式无法发挥应有的作用,社区居家养老仍是大多数老年人的首要选择。养老时间银行作为一种新型的互助养老形式,非常适合社区居家养老,能够在解决我国养老问题的过程中发挥有效的作用和功能。时间银行互助养老模式是解决居家养老问题的重要途径,尤其适用于低收入人群。因此,深入探讨基于时间银行的居家互助养老问题,对推动互助养老模式的发展具有重要的理论意义、学术价值和深远的实际作用。论文对基于时间银行的居家互助养老模式进行了研究,主要内容包括：(1)时间银行互助养老对比研究。简要分析了我国的养老现状,对严峻的老龄化趋势下我国不同的养老模式进行了比较,提出发展适合我国国情的居家互助养老模式即居家互助养老时间银行。研究了国内外居家养老的基本理论与方法、介绍了时间银行在居家互助养老工作中的应用现状、分析了时间银行的运作方式、时间银行模型的特点等,同时也对国内外其他互助养老模式的发展情况进行了比较研究,有力地证明了居家互助养老时间银行的可行性与先进性。(2)时间银行养老系统运行机制的研究。面对人口老龄化速度不断加快的现状,社会各方面的压力持续增加,论文在对比分析国内外互助养老模式的基础上,总结出国外互助养老服务中值得借鉴的经验,通过建立养老服务体系有效运行机制,来化解人口老龄化所带来的诸多负面问题,分析影响养老服务供求的主要因素,提炼出养老服务系统运行的构成要素。(3)互助养老服务供需主体双边匹配的研究。在已经实行的时间银行模式中,关于养老供需主体双边匹配这一块还没有科学的研究。目前基本上是由居委会唱主角,根据调查登记的需要提供养老服务的老年人的信息指派有意向的志愿者提供服务。然而老年人的需求具有多样性、多方面、多层次等特点,对服务人员的要求就各有不同。如何为老年人匹配最符合其需求的养老服务,是目前要解决的主要问题之一。论文引入了完全偏好序的满意双边匹配决策方法用于养老服务供需主体双边匹配,构建了供需主体双边匹配满意度评价体系,给出了供需主体双边匹配的决策方法。供需主体双边匹配问题的研究将老年人的需求与志愿者能提供的服务进行了科学匹配,根据服务内容、服务对象、服务的专业水平、会员级别等匹配参数寻找合适的提供者,使服务人员的能力得到最大化的应用,对节约社会资源具有非常积极的意义。(4)服务质量度量体系研究。在过去实行的时间银行做法中,对服务质量的界定也缺少科学规范及相对统一的标准,主要是由享有服务的老年人根据个人喜好的主观评价来进行的。而服务质量本身是受多方面因素的影响的,因而难以实现全面公平的评价。为了实现对质的量化考核,避免评定过程中的随意性,论文分析了养老服务质量的特性,给出了养老服务质量度量的具体标准,确立了养老服务质量度量的结构模型,把服务中最紧要的工作相对细分为助餐、助行、助洁、助急、助医五类,并对每类服务分别进行度量,得出每类服务对总服务权重的影响。同时也对养老服务质量度量的评估方法进行了详细介绍。(5)时间银行养老实践问题研究。提出了时间银行养老在实践中可能遇到的现实问题,如认识和宣传问题、时间的换算和记录问题、服务质量的评定标准问题、通存通兑及管理成本等问题,明确了推动时间银行养老发展的各方责任,着重分析个人及家庭、社会、政府三方需要付出的努力,给出了针对我国时间银行养老问题的对策及政策建议,明确了保障时间银行养老的发展应采取的相关措施与制度体系的构建。基于时间银行的互助养老模式,通过有偿志愿服务为主的网络组织形式,既节约了社会成本、减轻了家庭压力,还有利于提高老年人居家养老的生活质量。时间银行模式下的互助养老能为提升居民的养老质量、减轻我国的养老压力、科学利用社会资源提供了一条崭新的切实可行的光明路径。
[Abstract]:According to the sixth national census data show that China's population aged over 60 increased the proportion of 0-14 year old population decline in the proportion of the population age structure, the upper and bottom expansion contraction makes the problem of population aging in China is becoming more and more serious trend. At the same time, the construction of old-age service system in our country is still in the initial stage also, there are many countries in the new situation and new tasks, new goals, new demand problems. Lack of complexity coupled with the frequent movement of the population brought the entire population work and pension resources, lack of family pension and pension institutions can not play its due role, the first choice of community home support is still the most elderly pension. The time bank as a new form of mutual support, very suitable for home care, to solve China's pension problems The role and function of effective process. The time bank mutual pension model is an important way to solve the problem of old-age home, especially for low-income people. Therefore, in-depth study of the time bank home based on mutual support, has important theoretical significance to promote the development of mutual aid pension mode, academic value and far-reaching practical effect the study of the time bank's home mutual pension model based on the main contents include: (1) comparison of the time bank. Mutual pension is briefly analyzed the status quo of China's old-age pension mode in China, the different aging trend under severe were compared, put forward suitable for China's home mutual pension mode home mutual pension time bank at home and abroad. The basic theory and method of pension, introduces the time in the home bank mutual pension work The application of the status quo, analysis of the time the bank's mode of operation, the time bank model characteristics, but also the development of other domestic mutual pension model were compared, proved the feasibility of the time endowment bank mutual home and advanced. (2) research on the operation mechanism of bank pension system. In the face of time present situation of population aging accelerating, all aspects of social pressures continue to increase, based on comparing and analyzing the basic pension mode cooperation at home and abroad, summarizes the foreign aid by reference pension services experience, through the establishment of effective operation mechanism of pension service system, to resolve the many negative problems brought by the aging of the population the analysis of main factors influencing the supply and demand of pension services, to extract the elements of pension service system. (3) research on bilateral, mutual aid pension service supply and demand. At the time the bank model has been implemented in a supply and demand of this one, the main bilateral is no scientific research. At present basically is by the neighborhood play a leading role, providing the service according to the needs of the elderly in the investigation of the registration information is assigned with the intention to provide volunteer services. However, the needs of the elderly has more diversity. Hand, multi-level, the service requirements are different. How to best meet their needs, pension services for the elderly, is one of the main problems to be solved. This paper introduces the complete preference satisfaction bilateralmatching method for pension service supply subject of bilateral matching, construct bilateral supply and demand the matching satisfaction evaluation system of supply and demand, decision-making of two-sided matching method was proposed. The main study on the supply and demand of the two-sided matching problem will demand the volunteers and the elderly can Provide the service of science, according to the service content, service object, professional level of service, matching parameters to find the appropriate provider membership level, the ability of service personnel to get the maximum utility, has a very positive meaning to save social resources. (4) research on measurement system of service quality in the past practice. Time banking practices, the standard definition of service quality is also a lack of scientific and normative and unified, mainly by the elderly people to enjoy the service according to the subjective evaluation of personal preferences. Service quality is affected by many factors, so it is difficult to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of fairness. In order to realize the quantitative assessment. The evaluation process, to avoid arbitrariness in the paper analyzes the characteristics of endowment service quality, given the specific standard pension service quality measurement, establish the quality of service pension The structure model of measurement, the subdivision of the most critical work service to help meal, help, help clean, help emergency medical help, five categories, and each category of services were measured, the influence of each of the services of the total weight. Evaluation method but also on the pension service quality measurement of detailed. (5) research on pension practice time bank. Put forward the realistic problem of time bank endowment may encounter in practice, such as understanding and propaganda, conversion and record time, evaluation standards of service quality, the USW and management costs, a clear responsibility of the parties to promote the development of nursing time the bank, focuses on the analysis of individual and family, society, government needs to pay the three party to give countermeasures and policy suggestions for the pension problems of our time bank, the bank should take the development of the old-age security time Construction measures and system. The time bank mutual pension model based on the network organization through paid volunteer service based, which saves the social cost, reduce family pressure, and to improve the quality of life of the elderly home care. The time bank mode can enhance the quality of mutual aid pension pension pension residents. Reduce the pressure of our country, provide the scientific use of social resources to a new and feasible light path.

【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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