我国农村失能老人社区居家长期照护服务体系的构建

发布时间：2018-02-27 00:00

本文关键词： 失能老人社区居家长期照护　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1999年,我国跨入老龄社会。2010年末全国城乡部分失能和完全失能老年人约有3300万,占总体老年人口的19.0%。其中完全失能老年人1084.3万,占总体老年人口6.25%。截至2012年底,80岁及以上高龄人口达2273万,2020年我国老年人口将达到2.48亿,老龄化水平将达到17%。伴随着人口老龄化水平的提高,失能、半失能老人数量庞大,增长速度加快,农村地区更是如此。农村整体社会经济发展相对落后,加之农村家庭小型化、核心化、空巢化趋势明显,家庭养老和机构养老在农村地区的发展问题突出。农村失能老人作为极端弱势的群体,其养老服务现状不容乐观。有效满足农村失能老人长期照护需求,为其提供高质量的长期照护服务是有效应对人口老龄化和老龄人口失能化的关键。在我国经济发展水平落后与发达国家、农村社会经济发展水平落后于城市地区、家庭长期照护负担沉重、个人难以承受沉重的长期护理费用、当前社会保障制度无法有效满足失能、半失能老人长期照护服务需求、家庭养老和机构养老问题突出的现状下,有效调动社会整体力量,协调组织好政府、家庭、社区、企业等参与构建农村失能老人社区居家长期照护服务体系,有利于缓解家庭长期照护负担,减轻养老压力,降低养老成本,提高失能、半失能老人生活质量,促进社会和谐进步。以“我国失能老人多元需求分析与长期照护服务体系的构建”课题为依托,在对农村失能、半失能老人及家庭、相关机构和人员等进行调研、走访中,掌握详实的一手资料,并通过技术手段进行深入分析。首先,通过对我国农村地区家庭养老和养老院养老面临的发展困境和失能、半失能老人及其家庭的生活现状,尤其是长期照护现状,进行阐述。从多个方面了解农村失能、半失能老人及其家庭在长期照护服务方面所承受的巨大压力。其次,借鉴和吸收其他国家在社区居家长期照护服务发展方面的有益理论研究和成功的实践成果,学习我国城市在推行社区居家长期照护服务方面所积累的相对丰富的实践经验,为我国开展社区居家长期照护服务提供理论和实践支持。再次,依靠在广泛调研和访谈中取得的数据资料,结合我国农村实际情况,深入分析影响农村地区建立失能老人社区居家长期照护服务体系的相关因素,发现建立服务体系所存在问题和面临的困难。最后,结合对长期照护服务体系建立的必要性和可行性的分析,提出相应对策建议:发挥政府主导作用、加强舆论宣传、加大资金支持、完善服务队伍建设、鼓励社会力量广泛参与等。通过制度的建立和实践的开展,才能保证我国农村失能老人社区居家长期照护服务体系的构建。
[Abstract]:In 1999, China stepped into an aging society. In end of 2010, there were about 33 million disabled and totally disabled elderly people in urban and rural areas in China, accounting for 19.0% of the total elderly population. Ten million eight hundred and forty-three thousand of them were totally disabled. As of end of 2012, the elderly population in China will reach 248 million, and the aging level will reach 17.7 with the increase of the aging level of the population, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly people will be huge. The growth rate is accelerating, especially in rural areas. The overall social and economic development in rural areas is relatively backward, coupled with the miniaturization, core and empty nesting trend of rural households. The problems of the development of family and institutional old-age care in rural areas are prominent. As an extremely vulnerable group, the present situation of rural disabled elderly's old-age service is not optimistic, which can effectively meet the long-term care needs of rural disabled old people. Providing high quality long-term care services is the key to effectively cope with the aging of the population and the incapacity of the aged population. In China, the level of economic development lags behind that of developed countries, and the level of social and economic development in rural areas lags behind that in urban areas. Family long-term care burden is heavy, individuals can not afford heavy long-term care costs, the current social security system can not effectively meet the disability, semi-disabled elderly long-term care service needs, family pension and institutional pension problems are prominent. To effectively mobilize the overall social strength, coordinate and organize the government, families, communities, enterprises and so on to participate in the construction of the rural disabled elderly community residential long-term care service system, which is conducive to alleviating the long-term care burden of families and reducing the pressure on the aged. To reduce the cost of providing for the aged, to improve the quality of life of the disabled and semi-disabled, to promote the harmonious progress of the society. Based on the subject of "Analysis of the multiple needs of the disabled elderly in China and the Construction of the Long-term Care Service system", the disabled in rural areas have been incapacitated. The half-disabled elderly and their families, relevant institutions and personnel were investigated, and during the interviews, they grasped detailed first-hand information and made in-depth analysis through technical means. First of all, Through the development predicament and disability of the family old-age care and nursing home in rural areas of our country, the living conditions of the semi-disabled old people and their families, especially the long-term care status, are expounded, and the rural disability is understood from many aspects. The pressure on the long-term care services of the half-disabled elderly and their families. Secondly, draw lessons from and absorb the beneficial theoretical research and successful practical results of other countries in the development of long-term care services in the community. Learning from the relatively rich practical experience accumulated by Chinese cities in the implementation of community home long-term care services, to provide theoretical and practical support for the development of community home long-term care services in China. Based on the data obtained from extensive research and interviews, combined with the actual situation in rural areas in China, the relevant factors affecting the establishment of long-term care service system for the disabled elderly community home in rural areas are analyzed in depth. Finally, based on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the establishment of the long-term care service system, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: giving play to the leading role of the government and strengthening the publicity of public opinion. Only through the establishment of the system and the development of practice, can we guarantee the construction of the long-term care service system of the rural disabled elderly community in our country.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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