战后日本的东南亚赔偿外交研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 00:04

本文关键词： 日本东南亚赔偿外交层次分析　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《旧金山对日和约》(下文简称《旧金山和约》)生效后,作为战败国的日本将战争赔偿作为一种外交手段,以最大限度地减轻赔偿负担、恢复和发展本国经济、重返国际社会为目标,将东南亚地区作为重点,借赔偿之名、行资源开发与经济扩张之实,不但如愿以低代价解决了赔偿问题,还成功地开辟了东南亚市场,为日本经济注入了巨大活力,甚至在很大程度上改善了战后日本的国家形象。战争赔偿本应属于战败国的义务,但是日本却能在这个问题上同战胜国讨价还价并实现了自己的利益目标。是什么因素推动并催生了赔偿外交?这是一个值得思考和探究的问题。新古典现实主义理论为科学考察一国外交政策开辟了一条折中的道路:既坚持国际体系结构作为国家行为的第一推动,又主张将体系论忽视的国家内部因素带回研究议程之中,以弥补体系论在解释国家行为和政策方面的不足。本文借鉴了这种思路,将研究层次划分为国际体系层次、国家层次和精英层次,其中国际体系层次的结构变量是影响国家行为的核心自变量,国家层次和精英层次是从庞杂的国内因素中细分出来的两个层次,被视作中间变量或干预变量。赔偿外交产生的根本动因正是国际、国家和精英三个层次作用的结果。从国际体系层次来看,战时同盟的分化、美国远东战略的调整、东南亚地区权力真空的出现为日本的赔偿外交提供了先决条件和外部动力;从国家层次来看,不论是出于追随美国、改善外交环境的政治考量,还是为了拓展本国经济的生存空间,日本都必须首先解决赔偿悬案才能打开同东南亚各国的关系;从精英层次来看,日本财界对赔偿外交的开展起到了推波助澜的作用,决策者在该问题上也存在共识,这使得赔偿外交作为一项连续性政策得以顺利进行下去。战后日本东南亚赔偿外交的影响广泛而深远,对于东南亚各国来说,一方面日本提供的资金、技术和设备在帮助东南亚国家重建经济方面发挥了重要作用,但另一方面也强化了受偿国对日本经济的不对等依赖。日本是赔偿外交的最大赢家,借此摆脱了孤立的外交环境,国家形象得到显著改善,并且开辟了广阔的海外市场和投资场所。从短期来看,赔偿外交对美国的远东战略起到了补充作用,巩固了西方的反共阵线;从长远来看,赔偿外交过程中形成的一些交流对话机制为后来东亚地区合作机制提供了借鉴、奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:After the entry into force of the Treaty of Peace between San Francisco and Japan (hereinafter referred to as the Treaty of San Francisco), Japan, as a defeated country, used war compensation as a diplomatic means to minimize the burden of compensation and to restore and develop its own economy. Returning to the international community, focusing on the Southeast Asia region and using the name of compensation to develop resources and expand the economy, not only solved the compensation problem at a low cost, but also successfully opened up the Southeast Asian market. It has injected tremendous vitality into the Japanese economy, and even greatly improved Japan's national image after the war. War compensation should have been the duty of the defeated state. But Japan has been able to bargain with the victors and achieve its own interests on this issue. What has prompted and spawned compensatory diplomacy? This is a question worth pondering and exploring. The neo-classical realism theory has opened up a compromise for the scientific investigation of a country's foreign policy: insisting on the international system structure as the first impetus for the conduct of the state. It is also advocated that the internal factors neglected by the system theory be brought back to the research agenda in order to make up for the shortcomings of the system theory in explaining the behavior and policy of the state. This paper draws lessons from this thinking and divides the research level into the international system level. Among them, the structural variables of the international system are the core independent variables that influence the behavior of the state, and the national level and the elite level are the two levels that are subdivided from the complicated domestic factors. It is regarded as intermediate variable or intervention variable. The fundamental motivation of compensation diplomacy is the result of three levels of action: international, state and elite. From the level of international system, the division of wartime alliance, the adjustment of American far East strategy. The emergence of a power vacuum in Southeast Asia has provided Japan with preconditions and external impetus for its compensatory diplomacy; at the national level, whether it is out of political considerations to follow the United States and improve the diplomatic environment, Or, in order to expand the living space of its own economy, Japan must first solve the outstanding compensation case before it can open up its relations with Southeast Asian countries. From the elite level, Japan's financial circles have played a role in promoting compensation diplomacy. There is also a consensus among policy makers on this issue, which has allowed compensation diplomacy to proceed smoothly as a continuous policy. Japan's compensation diplomacy in Southeast Asia had a wide and far-reaching impact after the war. For Southeast Asian countries, On the one hand, the funds, technology and equipment provided by Japan have played an important role in helping Southeast Asian countries rebuild their economies, but on the other hand, they have also strengthened the unequal dependence of the reimbursed countries on Japan's economy. Japan is the biggest winner in compensation diplomacy. As a result, the country's image has been significantly improved, and it has opened up vast overseas markets and investment sites. In the short term, compensatory diplomacy has played a complementary role in the far East strategy of the United States. In the long run, some exchange and dialogue mechanisms formed in the process of compensatory diplomacy provided a reference and laid a foundation for the cooperation mechanism in East Asia.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D831.3

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