论南京国民政府时期的乡村治理

发布时间：2018-03-03 01:31

本文选题：南京国民政府时期　切入点：乡村治理　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乡村是中国社会的根基,乡村治理亦是巩固中国社会稳定的基础。因此,采用何种治理模式,如何协调国家权力与乡村自治的关系,是世世代代统治者要解决的问题。鸦片战争的爆发是中国半殖民地半封建社会的开端,但也打开了中国闭关多年的大门,使民主、人权等西方思想随之而来。随着乡村治理新思潮的涌入以及社会政治体制的变革,中国延续两千多年的传统乡村治理模式发生了嬗变。孙中山先生以直接民权、均权主义、革命程序论为主要内容的县自治理论,蒋介石“管教养卫”的军事治理理论,以历史文化为基础与以现代民主政治为基础的乡村治理理论,为南京国民政府的乡村治理提供了理论依据;乡里制、保甲制的传统治理方式,翟城村和山西村制,为南京国民政府的乡村治理贡献了制度渊源。有了制度和理论的铺垫,南京国民政府从1928年起着手乡村治理改革。抗战前颁布的《县组织法》,形成了乡村各级自治组织的雏形,激起了民间乡村自治实验的展开;1934年起保甲制的实施,维护了乡村治安,同时也加强了国家对乡村的控制;1939年新县制的建立,标志着乡村自治的终结和国家权力对乡村治理完全控制的开始。南京国民政府的乡村治理是传统乡村治理迈向现代乡村治理的转折阶段,其中所面临的问题与挑战,以及应对的策略与方案,可为我国现代化乡村治理体制的建设提供良好的启示。
[Abstract]:Rural governance is the foundation of Chinese society, and rural governance is also the basis for consolidating social stability in China. Therefore, what kind of governance model should be adopted and how to coordinate the relationship between state power and rural autonomy, The outbreak of the Opium War was the beginning of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China, but it also opened the door of China's closed door for many years to democracy. With the influx of new trends of thought in rural governance and the transformation of social and political system, the traditional rural governance model of China, which lasted for more than 2,000 years, has changed. The theory of county autonomy based on the theory of revolutionary procedure, the theory of military governance by Jiang Jieshi, the theory of rural governance based on history and culture, and the theory of rural governance based on modern democratic politics. It provides the theoretical basis for the rural governance of the Nanjing National Government, the traditional governance methods of the township system, the Baojia system, the Zhai Cheng Village and the Shanxi Village system, which contribute to the institutional origin of the rural governance of the Nanjing National Government. The Nanjing National Government began to reform the rural governance from 1928. The Organic Law of the Counties promulgated before the War of Resistance against Japan formed the embryonic form of the autonomous organizations at all levels of the villages, and aroused the development of the experiment of rural autonomy among the people, and the implementation of the Baojia system in 1934. Maintaining security in rural areas and strengthening state control over villages. In 1939, the new county system was established. It marks the end of rural autonomy and the beginning of the complete control of state power over rural governance. The rural governance of Nanjing National Government is the turning point of traditional rural governance to modern rural governance, and the problems and challenges it faces. The corresponding strategies and schemes can provide good enlightenment for the construction of modern rural governance system in China.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D693.62

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